Physical methods of sterilization. What are the 4 methods of sterilization? 2022-10-08
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What are the 4 methods of sterilization?
Saturate steam has the ability to penetrate any porous material. Adjustment of pressure in a closed container can regulate the temperature of steam. Aldehydes Formaldehyde It is known for its bactericidal, sporicidal and virucidal activities. Bacillus stearothermophilus spores are used as theindicators of moist heat sterilization in the autoclave. II , III b.
Due to the high penetrating power, these radiations are lethal for cells. Instead, it aims to achieve a logarithmic reduction in the number of viable organisms, reducing their number so they are unlikely to cause disease. This procedure is also known as cold sterilization. Sterilization of Nutrient Media Culture media broth or agar media , water, and other material Millipore filter are sterilized by an autoclave high-pressure stem using moist heat at 15 psi pound per inch square for 20-30 minutes which gives 121°C. Is 99% isopropyl alcohol safe for skin? This will depend on the use to which the sample is going to be subjected.
Currently, there are five main EPA-registered chemicals that hospitals use for disinfectants: Quaternary Ammonium, Hypochlorite, Accelerated Hydrogen Peroxide, Phenolics, and Peracetic Acid. Incineration: Incineration is an excellent method forsafely destroying infective materials by burning them to ashes. The metho d is used for complete destruction and dis-posal of infectious material, such as syringes, needles, culture material, dressings, bandages, bedding, animal carcasses, and pathology samples. It is important to avoid over packing or haphazardly loading the chamber, because it prevents steam from circulating freely around the contents and impedes the full contact that is necessary. Physical Methods of Sterilization There are several physical methods of sterilization of materials and objects. The greatest disadvantage of this method is that the items sterilized by boiling can be easily recontami-nated when removed from water after boiling. It can make our skin feel tight and dry.
The water in the autoclave boils when its vapor pressure equals that of surrounding atmosphere. Saturated steam acts as an effective sterilizing agent. Boiling : Simple boiling of water for 10—30 minutes killsmost of the vegetative forms of bacteria but not bacterial spores. Hence, these are sterilization through various types of filters which may retain bacteria. A 10% formalin solution is a standard chemical disinfectant.
PHYSICAL METHODS OF STERILIZATION including Heat methods, cold, radiations, filtration, osmotic pressure, desiccation, mcqs
It is carried out in two ways viz. Ultrasonic devices are used in dental and some medical offices to clear debris and saliva from instruments before sterilization and to clean dental restorations. Thermocouples, chemical indicators, and bacteriological spores of Bacillus subtilisare used as sterilization controls to determine the efficacy of sterilization by hot-air oven. Articles in the autoclave should be placed in such a manner that steam can easily penetrate the articles. Boiling for 10-30 minutes can kill most of the vegetative cells; however, many spores can withstand this temperature.
Radiation The action of the radiations will depend on several factors such as: — Type of radiation can be: — Ionizing: They produce ions and free radicals, have great penetrability, and are used for thermolabile materials probes, syringes. Dry heat Dry heat is a thermal method of sterilization, and its effect is similar to that of baking. This helps in the prevention of developing a cooked flavor in the milk. Flash method: Pasteurization of milk by heating it to 71. Heat is produced by electricity.
Ethanol is a commonly used medical alcohol. Their use is limited by the carcinogenic potential of asbestos. What is the best skin disinfectant? While sterilizing by hot-air oven, it should be ensured that the oven is not overloaded. What is the most commonly used hospital disinfectant? When the pressure is increased to 10 psi above normal, its tem-perature will be 115°C and at 15 psi a total of 2 atmo-spheres , it will be 121°C. The only downside of 99% isopropyl alcohol is that, understandably, it needs to be used and stored properly. Heating is usually carried out by electricity. Bacterial proteins coagulate rapidly at moist heat.
For the same purpose, other chemicals used are sodium hypochlorite NaOCl 10%. The heat rises throughout the oven and takes a longer time to reach the desired temperature. Visible light s used with a combination of dyes such as eosin and methylene blue to get rid of viruses and bacteria e Sonic and ultrasonic waves: These waves kill bacteria through the process of cavitation. It kills most vegetative bacteria but not spores, which are highly resistant to these radiations. Example: Lowenstein-Jenson and Loeffler were rendered sterile at 80-85°C for 30 minutes on three successive days inspector.
It can also damage the protective coating on some items, such as plastic tiles or glasses lenses. Types of Hot Air Oven: There are two types of hot air ovens. It is the process of heating liquids for the purpose of destroying viruses and harmful organisms such as bacteria, protozoa, molds, etc. Chlorine is used in water supplies, swimming pools, food, and dairy industries. Sterilization is achieved when the steam condenses against the objects in the chamber and gradually raises their temperature.
There are two types of containers: — Containers with filter — Containers with valve One of the main characteristics of these containers is to isolate the sterile material from the outside. Alcohols Ethyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol are frequently used as chemical agents for disinfection. What disinfectants do hospitals use? It is essential to fit the test tubes, flasks, etc. Steam circulates within the jacket and is supplied under pressure to the inner chamber where materials are loaded for sterilization Fig. Sterilization by dry heat includes sterilization by a flaming, b incineration , and c hot air oven: Flaming: Sterilization of inoculating loop or wire, the tipof forceps, searing spatulas, etc. Dry heat is not as versatile or as widely used as moist heat, but it has several important sterilization applications.
