Price and output determination under monopoly market. What is monopoly? Definition, Features, Types, Price 2022-10-14

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In a monopoly market, a single firm is the sole provider of a product or service, meaning that it has complete control over the price of the product or service. This allows the monopoly to exercise market power, which is the ability to influence the price and quantity of the product or service.

There are several factors that can influence the price and output determination of a monopoly firm. One of these is the demand curve for the product or service. The demand curve reflects the relationship between the price of a product or service and the quantity that consumers are willing and able to purchase at that price. If the demand curve for a product or service is relatively elastic, it means that a small change in price will result in a large change in the quantity demanded. Conversely, if the demand curve is relatively inelastic, it means that a small change in price will result in a small change in the quantity demanded.

Another factor that can influence the price and output determination of a monopoly firm is the cost of production. The cost of production refers to the expenses incurred by the firm in order to produce the product or service. These costs may include raw materials, labor, and other expenses such as rent and utilities. The monopoly firm will consider its costs when determining the price of its product or service, as it will need to cover these costs in order to make a profit.

The monopoly firm will also consider the level of competition in the market when determining the price and output of its product or service. If there is little or no competition, the monopoly firm will have more flexibility in setting the price of its product or service. However, if there is significant competition in the market, the monopoly firm may need to lower its price in order to remain competitive.

In summary, the price and output determination of a monopoly firm is influenced by several factors, including the demand curve for the product or service, the cost of production, and the level of competition in the market. By understanding these factors, the monopoly firm can make informed decisions about the price and output of its product or service in order to maximize profits and remain competitive in the market.

Bilateral Monopoly: Meaning and Price Output Determination

price and output determination under monopoly market

Nobody is capable of altering the price of the item through their actions. Sometimes, the monopolist may just have an exclusive licence from the government to produce the good. If anyone want any of these services and want learn digitally then subscribe and contact us! Figure-9 shows the AR curve of the monopolist: In Figure-9, it can be seen that more quantity OQ 2 can only be sold at lower price OP 2. Tangent on TC curve will be parallel to tangent on TR curve at output level OQ 1 as well, but at this point TR exceeds TC. In the long run, he will make adjustment in the amount of the factors, fixed and variable, so that MR equals not only to short run MC but also long run MC. Price as usual is determined at the point where the SMC curve cuts the MR curve from below.

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Price and Output Determination under Monopoly

price and output determination under monopoly market

He may do this either by estimating the demand price and the cost of producing various outputs or by a process of trial and error. Absolute Barriers to Entry : Free entry destroys monopoly, and even the threat of entry may prevent a monopoly from behaving as one. It can be seen from the diagram that till OQ output, marginal revenue is greater than marginal cost, but beyond OQ marginal revenue is less than marginal cost. In the long period, this loss will disappear, under that condition and situation, only profit will be earned. This ensures that there is no rival of the monopolist.

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Monopoly and Determination of Price under Monopoly

price and output determination under monopoly market

Since the number of consumers is large even under monopoly, the monopoly is similar to the pure competitive market so far as the demand side as a whole i. He is afraid of public opinion, government interference and of substitutes being adopted for the commodities he produces. It can be seen from the following diagram: Price, costs and revenue are shown on OY-axis while output has been shown on OX-axis. The firm shall be making normal profit because its AC i. If stocks do not exceed the optimum, the monopolist sells all he has at the competitive price.

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Price Determination under Monopoly

price and output determination under monopoly market

Like the competitive equilibrium, this analysis can also be discussed in terms of the total revenue-total cost approach and the marginal revenue-cost approach. Conditions of Price-Discrimination: There are three main types of situation: a When consumers have certain preferences or prejudices. The monopolist maximizes his profits at the price where the difference between total revenue and total costs is the maximum. Marginal revenue is the addition to total revenue that result from a small increase in the number of units sold. But he cannot do both the things simultaneously.

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Price and output determination under Monopoly Market

price and output determination under monopoly market

This is because it is profitable to produce an additional unit if it adds more to revenue than to cost. If the product is non-perishable, the monopolist might keep it in stock in the hope of selling it future when the market improves. A firm under monopoly faces a downward sloping demand curve or average revenue curve. Under Monopoly, to sell every additional unit of the commodity price will have to be lower. He treats all consumers alike and charges uniform price for his product. At point E, firm is equilibrium at falling part of LAC utilizing sub-optimal plant size and earns abnormal profit shown by the shaded area ABPC producing OQ level of output at OP price.

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Price and Output Determination under Monopoly (6 Answers)

price and output determination under monopoly market

In the case of products subject to the law of constant returns or cost, die monopolist can exclusively concentrate his attention on the demand side, since there are no changes on cost which indicates only the lower limit to the price to be fixed according to the elasticity or inelasticity of demand. Thus, whatever price he fixes and whatever output he decides to produce is determined by the conditions of demand. SAC and SMC are the short run average cost and marginal cost curves of the firm, respectively. The monopolist will earn only normal profit and the normal profit is included in the average cost of production. Profits are earned by the monopolist per unit of output.

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Price and Output Determination Under Monopoly in Grade 12 Economics

price and output determination under monopoly market

Price is OA and the quantity is OQ. Given these assumptions, the price, output and profits under monopoly are determined by the forces of demand and supply. But their joint profits are P 1P 2 × OQ that can be divided between the monopolist and the monopsonist in the ratio P x-P 2 P 1-P X P X -P 2 P 1-P 2 P 1— P 2 P 1 — P x Where P x is any price between P 2 and P 1. These two possibilities are explained below: a. LMC intersects MR from below i.


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MOnopoly price and output determination

price and output determination under monopoly market

Thus OQ production is determined and OP is the price. Price makers are firms in monopoly, and setting market prices influence the production decisions of the companies. Price is equal to marginal cost of the product under perfect competition but in case of monopoly, market structure price is generally higher than the marginal cost. Natural monopolies arise due to concentration of raw materials in a particular region. .

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How to Determine Price and Output under Monopoly?

price and output determination under monopoly market

The price of equilibrium output 0Q is fixed at BQ or 0P. But he cannot change his fixed plant and equipment. Here we observe the firm's equilibrium condition at point E. The demand or average revenue curve relates the level of output and the price per unit that can be obtained when the output is sold. Based on it, following discussion can be carried out: i. ADVERTISEMENTS: The following article will guide you about how to determine price and output under monopoly market.

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Price and Output Determination under Monopoly

price and output determination under monopoly market

The average profit is SE, total profit is PLES, price is OP and output is OQ. Conditions of Equilibrium : ADVERTISEMENTS: The conditions of equilibrium will be broadly same as those discussed under the perfect competition with a small point of difference. Profit will be at its maximum where the slope of TC curve equals to slope of TR curve, as per the conditions of equilibrium. Thus, total monopoly profits are equal to the area of CAPB. We discuss the determination of monopoly price in the market period, the short period, and the long period. Since the monopolist takes part in pricing his product and the demand for its product varies with the product price. AVC is the average variable cost curve.

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