An explanatory cause is a type of cause that helps to explain why something happened or why a particular phenomenon exists. It is a cause that provides a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms or processes that led to the effect in question. Explanatory causes often go beyond simply identifying the proximate cause, which is the immediate cause of an event or phenomenon, and delve into the underlying causes that may have contributed to the occurrence of the effect.
For example, consider a case where a person becomes ill with a particular illness. The proximate cause of the illness might be a particular virus or bacteria that the person was exposed to. However, an explanatory cause would consider the factors that may have contributed to the person's susceptibility to the illness, such as their overall health, diet, and lifestyle. These underlying causes may provide a more complete understanding of why the person became ill and may suggest ways to prevent similar occurrences in the future.
Explanatory causes are important in many fields, including science, medicine, and social science, as they allow us to better understand the underlying causes of events and phenomena and to develop more effective interventions and solutions. In scientific research, explanatory causes are often pursued through the use of experiments, observations, and other methods that help to identify and control for potential confounding variables and to test hypotheses about the causes of events or phenomena.
In addition to providing a deeper understanding of the underlying causes of events and phenomena, explanatory causes can also have practical applications. For example, identifying the explanatory causes of a particular illness can help to inform the development of more effective treatments and preventative measures. Similarly, understanding the explanatory causes of social problems, such as poverty or crime, can help to inform the development of policies and programs that address these issues.
In summary, explanatory causes are an important aspect of understanding the world around us. By identifying and understanding the underlying causes of events and phenomena, we can gain a deeper understanding of the world and develop more effective interventions and solutions to the problems we face.