In 1984, Rowland Atkinson published an essay titled "Consuming the Entrepreneurial City," in which he examined the ways in which cities and urban spaces are transformed by the forces of capitalism and entrepreneurship.
Atkinson begins by discussing the concept of the "entrepreneurial city," which he defines as a city that is driven by the pursuit of profit and economic growth. This type of city is characterized by a focus on innovation, a desire to attract investment and business, and a willingness to engage in marketing and branding efforts in order to attract tourists and other visitors.
Atkinson argues that this focus on entrepreneurship has had significant impacts on the physical and social fabric of cities. For example, he notes that the pursuit of economic growth has often led to the redevelopment of urban areas, with old buildings being demolished and replaced with newer, more modern structures. This process has often resulted in the displacement of lower-income residents and the gentrification of neighborhoods.
Atkinson also argues that the entrepreneurial city is characterized by a focus on consumerism, with an emphasis on the creation and promotion of consumer products and experiences. This has led to the transformation of urban spaces into places that are focused on the consumption of goods and services, rather than on the production of these things.
Despite these negative impacts, Atkinson does not argue that entrepreneurship and economic growth are inherently bad for cities. Rather, he suggests that it is important for cities to find a balance between the pursuit of economic growth and the needs of their residents. He argues that this can be achieved through the development of policies that prioritize the well-being of local communities and the preservation of cultural and historical sites.
In conclusion, Rowland Atkinson's 1984 essay "Consuming the Entrepreneurial City" offers a critical analysis of the ways in which capitalism and entrepreneurship have transformed cities and urban spaces. While acknowledging the benefits that these forces can bring, Atkinson also highlights the negative impacts that they can have on communities and the physical fabric of cities. He argues that it is important for cities to find a balance between economic growth and the needs of their residents in order to create sustainable and livable urban environments.