Write a detailed note on indus valley civilization. What was the Indus Valley Civilization? 2022-10-17

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The Indus Valley Civilization, also known as the Harappan Civilization, was a Bronze Age civilization that flourished in the Indus Valley region of modern-day Pakistan and northwest India. The civilization is known for its well-planned cities, advanced architecture, and sophisticated systems of governance, trade, and social organization.

The Indus Valley Civilization is thought to have developed around 2500 BCE, and it reached its peak of prosperity around 2000 BCE. The civilization was characterized by its urban centers, which were home to large populations of people who lived in well-planned and orderly cities. These cities were connected by a network of roads and waterways, and they were surrounded by fields and farms that provided the necessary food and resources for the population.

One of the most distinctive features of the Indus Valley Civilization was its advanced system of governance. The civilization was divided into several city-states, each of which was ruled by a powerful ruler or a council of elders. These rulers were responsible for maintaining order and enforcing laws within their city-states, and they also oversaw the collection of taxes and the distribution of resources.

The Indus Valley Civilization was also known for its sophisticated system of trade and commerce. The civilization was located at the crossroads of several major trade routes, and as a result, it was able to access a wide range of goods and resources from other parts of the world. The Indus Valley Civilization was also a major producer of goods, including textiles, jewelry, and ceramics, which were traded with other civilizations in the region.

One of the most remarkable aspects of the Indus Valley Civilization was its advanced system of social organization. The civilization was divided into several social classes, including rulers, priests, merchants, and farmers, and each class had its own distinct roles and responsibilities. The Indus Valley Civilization was also home to a number of religious and cultural institutions, including temples, shrines, and universities, which played a central role in the lives of the people.

Despite the many achievements of the Indus Valley Civilization, it ultimately declined and was eventually replaced by other civilizations in the region. The reasons for the decline of the Indus Valley Civilization are not fully understood, but it is thought that a combination of factors, including changes in the climate, internal conflicts, and invasions by outside powers, may have contributed to its downfall.

Today, the legacy of the Indus Valley Civilization lives on through the many artifacts and ruins that have been discovered in the region. These artifacts, including seals, pottery, and sculptures, provide valuable insights into the culture, society, and daily life of the people of the Indus Valley Civilization, and they continue to fascinate historians and scholars around the world.

Indus Valley Civilization Short Notes

write a detailed note on indus valley civilization

Those who remained were poorly nourished. The evidence of sea trade and contact during the Harappan period is largely circumstantial, or derived from inferences from the Mesopotamian texts, as detailed above. . There is no evidence of a body of literature. Some of the other expected reasons behind the decline of this civilization are climate change, the drying up of the Sarasvati River, an alteration in the path of the monsoon which watered crops, overpopulation of the cities, a decline in trade with Egypt and Mesopotamia.


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What was the Indus Valley Civilization?

write a detailed note on indus valley civilization

There is no conclusive evidence of palaces or temples — or, indeed, of kings, armies, or priests. They are mostly situated near rivers. Harappan script is pictographic but yet to be deciphered. Domesticated horses and camels were also fully used for the first time in South Asia during this period. Well-developed external and internal trade but the mode of payment was Barter System. It is believed that it was once situated on a navigable inlet of the Arabian Sea.

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Indus Valley Civilization Short note pdf

write a detailed note on indus valley civilization

This interpretation squares with some of the evidence. Some of those may have been lost by shifting courses of rivers. Which generally flows through the length of Pakistan, and along a system that is the of perennial this is mostly monsoon-fed rivers that once coursed in the vicinity of the seasonal Ghaggar-Hakra river in northwest India and eastern Pakistan also. . They also prefer fruits in their diet like melon, pomegranate, coconut fruit and banana.

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Indus Valley Civilization, Its Evolution & Culture: UPSC Notes

write a detailed note on indus valley civilization

The urban phase involved a delicate balance of relation between the cities, town, villager, farmer communities and nomadic people. In Chatterjee Bhaskar ed. There are references to this effect in Vedic literature, Puranas and in the early Jaina and Buddhist texts. But nearly as suddenly as the civilization emerged, it declined and disappeared. There is a strong similarity between the Indus Valley Civilization and the ancient civilization of Mesopotamia in the Middle East. Architectural Layout Mohenjodaro was a well-fortified city.

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Indus Valley Civilization

write a detailed note on indus valley civilization

The civilization was said to have reached its peak around 2600 BC and it went into decline around 1900 BC. Societies, Networks, and Transitions. Central organization, planning and construction of large regional centres are evidenced in the Indus Valley. There is no evidence of irrigation — and what is more, there is no evidence of kings, slaves, or forced mobilization of labor. In the formerly great city of Harappa, burials have been found that correspond to a regional culture called the The inhabitants of the Indus Valley Civilisation migrated from the river valleys of Indus and Ghaggar-Hakra, towards the Himalayan foothills of the Ganga-Yamuna basin. A house comprised a central courtyard, three to four living rooms, a bath and a kitchen; while the more elaborate ones contained even up to thirty rooms and were often two-storeyed.


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The Indus Valley Civilization History Essay

write a detailed note on indus valley civilization

Centuries would pass before Central Asian Indo-Aryans appeared in South Asia. Forgotten to history prior to its rediscovery in the 1920s, the Indus civilization — as it is more commonly if inaccurately called — ranks with its contemporaries, Mesopotamia and ancient Egypt, as one of the three earliest of all human civilizations, as defined by the emergence of cities and writing. Retrieved 7 November 2011. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. .


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History Notes: What was Indus Valley Civilization

write a detailed note on indus valley civilization

The phase leading up to the mature Harappan phase is termed as Kot Diji. When the civilization was discovered in the 1920s, these arguments were adapted to present the Indo-Aryans as energetic barbarian warriors who overthrew a passive or peaceful urban culture. Any breakdown in these chains of the relationship could lead to the decline of cities. We do not know what language Indus civilization spoke. Together we can say that with ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia it was one of three early civilisations of the Near south and east asia.

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Indus Valley Civilisation

write a detailed note on indus valley civilization

In the later Indus Valley sequence, the walled city scenario was avoided. The first modern accounts of the Narrative of Various Journeys in Baluchistan, Afghanistan, and the Punjab. The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: South Asia: The Indian Subcontinent. There is a tribe known the Brahui tribe in Baluchistan, to the west of the Indus. It is the westernmost known Indus Valley Civilization site. Humpless bull or Unicorn was the most important animal. A pristine civilization is one that arose indigenously or independently of other civilizations.

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Indus Valley Civilisation (Useful Notes)

write a detailed note on indus valley civilization

Now, in these statuettes, it is just this anatomical truth which is so startling; that makes us wonder whether, in this all-important matter, Greek artistry could possibly have been anticipated by the sculptors of a far-off age on the banks of the Indus. He excavated at Harappa and then later, in 1924, at Mohenjo-Daro "the mound of the dead" in the Sindhi language opens in new tab , a site that was brought to his attention by local people. The Indus civilization was not the earliest human civilization; Mesopotamia and ancient Egypt developed cities slightly before the Indus civilization did. Mughal suggested calling the early stage at Kot Diji and at other sites the Early Harappan Culture. Three seals found at Mohenjodaro depict a seated horned deity.

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Indus Valley Civilization (Harappa Civilization): A Detailed Summary

write a detailed note on indus valley civilization

There was also prevalence of Phallic Lingam worship. Climate Change and the Course of Global History: A Rough Journey. Parpola ed , South Asian Archaeology 1993, Helsinki, 1995, pp. Over 1000 settlements have been found, the majority along the path of the extinct Ghaggar-Hakra river, which once flowed — like the Indus — through what is now known as the Indus Valley. Subsequently, a unified culture emerged throughout the area, bringing into conformity settlements that were separated by as much as 1,000 km. Retrieved 29 May 2012. Thresholds and window frames were probably made of wood and then set into baked brick walls.

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