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Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Vladimir Lenin, Joseph Stalin, and Mao Zedong are all significant figures in the development and spread of communism as a political ideology.
Marx and Engels, often referred to as the "founding fathers" of communism, developed the theory of historical materialism, which posits that the driving force of history is the struggle between different classes for control of the means of production. They also wrote the Communist Manifesto, a political tract that outlined the principles of communism and served as a guide for socialist revolutions around the world.
Lenin, a Russian revolutionary, was a key figure in the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution that overthrew the Tsarist government and established the Soviet Union, the world's first socialist state. He implemented many of the ideas and policies developed by Marx and Engels, and his work had a major influence on the development of communist theory and practice.
Stalin, who became the leader of the Soviet Union after Lenin's death, is known for his authoritarian rule and for implementing policies that led to the forced collectivization of agriculture and industrialization of the Soviet economy. He is also responsible for the deaths of thousands of people during his rule, including through purges and executions.
Mao Zedong was the leader of the Communist Party of China and the chairman of the Chinese Communist Party from 1949 until his death in 1976. He played a key role in the Chinese Revolution and is known for implementing policies such as the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution, which had a major impact on the development of China as a socialist state.
Overall, Marx, Engels, Lenin, Stalin, and Mao were all influential figures in the development and spread of communism as a political ideology. While they contributed to the development of socialist theory and practice, their legacies are also marked by controversy and criticism due to the human rights abuses and authoritarian rule that took place under their leadership.
Marx, Engels and Lenin on the Dictatorship of the Proletariat
All of us who have learnt at least the A B C of Marxism know that this turnover and freedom to trade inevitably lead to the division of the commodity producers into owners of capital and owners of labour power, a division into capitalists and wage workers, i. PDF from the original on 31 October 2021. Speaking of the socialist system, Chairman Mao said: In a word, China is a socialist country. So in what follows, a few paragraphs on the major Marxist views are presented. And when capitalist societies began to take full swing, some classes did not benefit as well as others and this resulted in a vast amount of proletariats looking for work. Capitalism functions in cycles of booms and recessions, it needs unemployment, it needs wage labour, etc.
Chambers Dictionary of World History. To socialists who accused the Bolshevik state of violating the principles of democracy by forcibly suppressing opposition, he replied: you are taking a formal, abstract view of democracy. Ironically, the ideological father of communism, Karl Marx, claimed that communism entailed the withering away of the state. Where criticism is requested, do so in good faith and provide evidence for your assertion. The class struggle waged by the overthrown exploiters against the victorious vanguard of the exploited, i.
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Ultimately though order doesn't matter too much aside from what I'd initially noted. Please read the ongoing discussion in a thread before replying in order to avoid misunderstandings and creating an unproductive environment. Several years before the revolution, he had bluntly characterized dictatorship as 'unlimited power based on force, and not on law', leaving no doubt that those terms were intended to apply to the dictatorship of the proletariat. The second stage Marx's 'higher phase' , or 'Communism' is to be marked by an age of plenty, distribution according to needs not work , the absence of money and the market mechanism, the disappearance of the last vestiges of capitalism and the ultimate 'whithering away' of the State. It is, therefore, a right of inequality, in its content, like every right. The first two stages can be overcome in one go i. Comparative Political Systems: Policy Performance and Social Change.
Marx Engels Lenin Stalin and Mao Communist Marxist Accent
Stalin was not opposed to the idea that the revolution was to be international, he only opposed the view that all countries in the world had to be follow the revolution more or less simultaneously, or indeed that some countries could not develop socialism independent of others being socialist. It is arising not only from among our Soviet government employeesâto an insignificant degree it can arise from them alsoâit is arising from among the peasants and handicraftsman, who have been liberated from the yoke of the capitalist banks and who are now cut off from railway transport. It would be a utopianism which in practice would only postpone socialism to kingdom come. Accordingly, the individual producer receives back from societyâafter the deductions have been madeâexactly what he gives to it. But these defects are inevitable in the first phase of communist society as it is when it has just emerged after prolonged birth pangs from capitalist society. The foundation of Marxism is based on Dialectical Materialism----a way of understanding reality; whether thoughts emotions, or the material world. The right of the producers is proportional to the labour they supply; the equality consists in the fact that measurement is made with an equal standard, labour.
Differences between Marxism, Leninism, Trotskyism, Stalinism, and Maoism
Likewise, Capitalism has proven to be more successful than other forms of government. Stay constructive and don't bash other socialist tendencies! Melchert 151 Plato believed that there were only a few who were fit to rule but Marxism and Communism Christian Communism Introduction Communism is a social structure in which classes are abolished and property is commonly controlled, as well as a political philosophy and social movement that advocates and aims to create such a society. Retrieved 9 August 2008. He even makes this inevitable by explicitly recognizing in the right of inheritance that family property should be owned in common; whence comes also the obligation of the parents to maintain their children. The Editorial Vicissitudes of Marx's and Engels' Works". History of the Present: A Journal of Critical History.
And it cannot be otherwise in the case of a revolution, if this concept is not replaced as it is by all the heroes of the Second International by reformist illusions. There are numerous debate subreddits available for those purposes. Please only do so if you are confident that your knowledge in the area is at a high level. We are doing so while still standing on the soil of capitalist society, combating all those weaknesses and shortcomings with which the working people are also affected and which tend to drag the proletariat down. This is the touchstone on which the real understanding and recognition of Marxism is to be tested. Since the original goal for communism was equality, the East German government clearly corrupted the hopes that Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels had for the future of the Eastern European government and society.
Lenin: The State and Revolution August-September 1917 The dictatorship of the proletariat is a most determined and most ruthless war waged by the new class against a more powerful enemy, the bourgeoisie, whose resistance is increased tenfold by its overthrow even if only in one country , and whose power lies not only in the strength of international capital, in the strength and durability of the international connections of the bourgeoisie, but also in the force of habit, in the strength of small production. A Concise History of Modern Korea: From the Late Nineteenth Century to the Present. Chairman Mao said: Why did Lenin speak of exercising dictatorship over the bourgeoisie? If your post was removed due to normalized ableist slurs, please edit your post. Retrieved 11 September 2020. The Manifesto of the Communist Party, written by Karl Marx and Fredrick Engels, searched Communism: Its Origins and World Impact Essay It all began with Plato 369 to 421 BC , who introduced the concept of an ideal city in his republic. It just criticized capitalism.
The Ideals of Marx, Engels, Lenin, Mao, and Stalin Essay
There is no division in ethnicity, nationality, sex, etc. Capitalism has not collapsed because these contradictions have not caused the working class to led a revolution against the working class. Our aim is to draw the whole of the poor into the practical work of administration, and every step that is taken in this directionâthe more varied they are, the betterâshould be carefully recorded, studied, systematized, tested by wider experience and embodied in law. Freedom of turnover and freedom to trade mean commodity exchange between individual, small proprietors. On the other hand, the demand for labor brought the bourgeoisie large profits because they could pay out as much as they wanted for labor. For all its brutalities and failures, communism in the Soviet Union, eastern Europe and elsewhere delivered rapid industrialisation, mass education, job security and huge advances in social and gender equality.
