In her poem "Medusa," Carol Ann Duffy retells the story of the Greek mythological figure Medusa in a way that challenges the traditional portrayal of her as a monster. In Greek mythology, Medusa was a Gorgon, a woman with snakes for hair whose gaze could turn people to stone. She was often depicted as a villain or a monster, but Duffy's poem presents a more complex and sympathetic view of her.
Duffy begins the poem by describing Medusa's appearance, noting that she is "not beautiful," but rather "fierce and frightening." This description echoes the traditional portrayal of Medusa as a monster, but Duffy's language also suggests that Medusa is not simply a one-dimensional villain. The use of words like "fierce" and "frightening" suggest that Medusa is powerful and formidable, rather than simply evil.
As the poem progresses, Duffy delves into Medusa's backstory, explaining that she was once a beautiful woman who was raped by the Greek god Poseidon in a temple. This act of violence and violation transforms Medusa into the Gorgon we know from mythology, with snakes for hair and the power to turn people to stone with her gaze.
In this retelling of the myth, Medusa's transformation into a monster is not a punishment for her own wrongdoing, but rather the result of a terrible injustice inflicted upon her. This shift in perspective allows the reader to see Medusa as a victim, rather than a villain.
Throughout the poem, Duffy uses language and imagery to emphasize Medusa's humanity and the pain and suffering she has endured. She describes Medusa's "tears of stone," which suggest that even though she has been transformed into a being of stone, she still feels emotion and pain. The snakes in her hair, which are often seen as a symbol of her monstrosity, are also described as "her children," emphasizing the maternal aspect of her character and further humanizing her.
In the final stanza of the poem, Duffy shifts the focus to the way that Medusa is remembered and the way that her story has been told over time. She notes that Medusa has been "gazed upon" by "countless eyes," suggesting that she has been objectified and reduced to a spectacle for others to gawk at. The final lines of the poem, "they'll say: she was a monster,/ but I'll say: she was my sister," challenge the traditional narrative of Medusa as a monster and instead present her as a victim and a sister, someone who deserves compassion and understanding.
In "Medusa," Carol Ann Duffy offers a nuanced and empathetic retelling of the myth of Medusa that challenges the traditional portrayal of her as a monster. Through her use of language and imagery, Duffy humanizes Medusa and presents her as a victim of violence and injustice, rather than a villain. In doing so, the poem invites the reader to see Medusa in a new light and to reconsider the way that we tell and remember stories.