Succession under muslim law. Advocates for Inheritance in Muslim Law 2022-10-04
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Succession under Muslim law refers to the rules and principles that govern the transfer of property and other rights upon the death of an individual. These rules are derived from Islamic jurisprudence and are based on the Qur'an and the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad.
Under Muslim law, succession is divided into two categories: testamentary and intestate. Testamentary succession refers to the transfer of property and rights through a written will, while intestate succession refers to the transfer of property and rights when an individual dies without leaving a will.
In testamentary succession, a Muslim is allowed to dispose of their property in any way they see fit, as long as it does not conflict with Islamic principles. A will must be written and signed by the testator (the person making the will) and must be witnessed by two or more individuals. The testator can also appoint an executor to manage their property and carry out the provisions of the will.
Intestate succession, on the other hand, is governed by a set of rules known as the "laws of inheritance." These laws specify the distribution of an individual's property among their heirs, based on their relationship to the deceased. The laws of inheritance prioritize certain categories of heirs over others, with the closest relatives receiving the largest share of the inheritance. For example, a spouse, children, and parents are typically entitled to a larger share of the inheritance than more distant relatives, such as siblings or grandparents.
Under Muslim law, there are also certain restrictions on the distribution of property. For example, a Muslim is not allowed to disinherit their spouse or children entirely, as they are entitled to a minimum share of the inheritance. In addition, a Muslim cannot bequeath more than one-third of their property to charitable causes, unless they have no heirs or the heirs agree to the gift.
Overall, succession under Muslim law is a complex area of law that requires a thorough understanding of Islamic principles and the laws of inheritance. It is important for Muslims to carefully consider their succession plans and ensure that their wishes are carried out in accordance with Islamic law.
Inheritance under Muslim Law
The inheritance of the properties of such Muslims is governed by the provisions of the Indian Succession Act, 1925, and the Muslim law of inheritance is not applicable. Hence, the doctrine of radd will be applied. Muslim law does not differentiate between corpus or usufruct, corporeal or incorporeal property. If two people can trace their lineage back to the same ancestor, the one who is physically closest to the ancestor will get the inheritance. Adoption is considered valid under some schools but the right to inherit property is not mentioned anywhere. Until the death of an ancestor, a heir apparent is a mere spes successionis chance of succession. He is duty-bound to pay the same from his share of the estate.
Missing Persons According to the texts of Hanafi law, a missing person was purported to are dead only after ninety years from the date of his birth; till then the inheritance of his properties did not open. However, it is generally found that the quantum of share of female heir is half of that of the male heirs. III Descendants of parents:- 1.  Thus, the mother will get ¼ share and the daughter will get ¾ share. However, it is generally found that the quantum of the share of a female heir is half of that of the male heirs. The testate and intestate successions are both distinct and follow separate processes for the devolution of inheritance. The heirs by consanguinity are also termed as heirs by Nasab, while the heirs by affinity are heirs by Sabab.
The remaining property, whether movable or immovable, is heritable. Similarly, the debt that they inherit from the person deceased is also divided amongst all the heirs according to the proportion of the estate that they inherit. Protection of Women's Rights There is no observable difference between men and women, however, women often earn less per hour than men. Tags - Muslim Succession Heir Personal Law Copyright 2022 — Helpline Law - HLL001. If you have been wronged by someone, you can seek legal remedies. The state is the ultimate heir of all property if no heir exists.
ESCHEAT: Where a deceased Muslim has no legal successor under Muslim law, his properties are inherited by Government through the process of escheat. We cannot change or amend one or two aspect of it without destroying the entire fabric. On the other hand, in case of a person who dies testate i. In Muhammad Muin-Ud-Din And Anr. Muslim law of succession constitutes four sources of Islamic law — 1.
Distribution of the Property Under the Muslim law, distribution of property can be made in two ways — per capita or per strip distribution. True Grandfather III Descendants of father: i. Inheritance and succession are the key aspects of transferring property and wealth from one generation to the other. The laws are not completely codified, but they are a result of customs and practices that have been followed over centuries in the Islamic community all around the world. If the deceased had left behind a son s and daughter s , then, the daughters cease to be sharers and become residuary instead, with the residue being so distributed as to ensure that each son gets double of what each daughter gets. Where the deceased has left behind more than one daughter, all daughters jointly take two-thirds. Hanafi Sunni Law of Inheritance Hanafi law of inheritance only focuses on relatives who have descended from a male member who may be in relation to the deceased person.
On the death of their ancestor, nothing can prevent both girl and boy child to become the legal heirs of the inheritable property. The Law of Shariah is capable of alteration and further interpretation. Following are the ways under which the property will be distributed: A. But in certain cases, the property available is more than the shares specified as per Quranic distribution of property, and there are no residuary. For instance, a male Muslim dies surviving mother and a daughter and no residuary, as illustrated in the table below: Generally, husband and wife are not entitled under the doctrine of Radd. Similarly, the debt that they inherit from the person deceased is also divided amongst all the heirs according to the proportion of the estate that they inherit. Ownership under Islamic Law is recognized as a bundle of rights over something that is recognized as property.
     Doctrine of Radd After the division of shares, the total allotted shares are less than 1, and there is no residuary to inherit the residue, then the residue reverts back to the sharers in the same proportion of their shares. A Child in the Womb: A child in the womb of its mother is competent to inherit provided it is born alive. Where the deceased has left behind more than one daughter, all daughters jointly take two-thirds. According to this method, the estate left over by the ancestors gets equally distributed among the heirs. An executor or administrator holds the same power to sue for the course of actions that survive the deceased, and also may recover the debt as the deceased could if he were alive. If an heir lives even after the death of the forefather, he becomes a legal successor and is therefore entitled to a share in property.
The reasons which exclude a Muslim from inheritance are four in number, which are: 1. This means that if two people claim the inheritance, it will be determined according to the degree of closeness to the deceased. As long as they are at the same degree of relationship, they will share in inheritance irrespective of their gender and origin of relationship to the deceased. If the deceased had left behind son s and daughter s , then, the daughters cease to be sharers and become residuaries instead, with the residue being so distributed as to ensure that each son gets double of what each daughter gets. The constitution of India provides a complex legal framework to accommodate the multi-lingual, multi-cultural and the multi-religious society like ours. On the death of their ancestor, nothing can prevent both girl and boy child to become the legal heirs of the inheritable property.
