The zygomatic bone, also known as the cheekbone or malar bone, is a facial bone that plays a crucial role in the structure and function of the human face. It is located in the front part of the skull, just below the eye socket and above the jaw. The zygomatic bone is a paired bone, meaning that there is one on each side of the face.
The temporal process of the zygomatic bone is a part of the bone that projects backward and downward from the main body of the bone. It articulates with the temporal bone of the skull, which is located just above and behind the ear. This articulation forms the zygomaticotemporal suture, which is a joint that allows the zygomatic bone to move slightly when we make facial expressions such as smiling or frowning.
The development of the zygomatic bone begins in fetal development, around the sixth week of gestation. At this stage, the bones of the face are formed from a process called intramembranous ossification, which involves the differentiation of mesenchymal cells into bone cells. The zygomatic bone initially forms as two separate pieces, known as the maxillary and temporal processes, which later fuse together during the third trimester of fetal development.
After birth, the zygomatic bone continues to grow and develop along with the rest of the face. It reaches its final adult size and shape around the age of 18 to 20 years. However, the bone can continue to undergo changes throughout the lifespan due to factors such as aging and the effects of gravity.
The zygomatic bone has several important functions in the human body. It plays a role in the structure of the face, contributing to the shape and contour of the cheek and eye socket. It also helps to support the muscles of facial expression, which attach to the bone and allow us to make various facial expressions. In addition, the zygomatic bone provides a protective function for the eye, acting as a shield to protect it from injury.
In summary, the temporal process of the zygomatic bone is a key part of this facial bone that plays a vital role in the structure and function of the face. It forms during fetal development and continues to grow and develop throughout life, providing support for the muscles of facial expression and protecting the eye from injury.