Define harvest index. Harvest Index of Maize (Zea mays L.): Are There Possibilities for Improvement? 2022-10-29
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How harvest index relates to crop yield
The development of innovative methods for reducing the ripening variability is essential, so that fruits apparently homogeneous on the basis of the quality traits normally used can be more reliably classified in uniform groups allowing a better post-harvest management. After this proof of concept increase of maize HI is possible without grain yield losses , the identification of the responsible physiological mechanisms is necessary in order to apply the knowledge to other maize genotypes and to a broader range of growth conditions, eventually contributing to a more sustainable crop production. During excessively wet or dry years when grain yields are reduced, the harvest index is usually lower higher stover yield than grain yield. On an average, water stress caused -5. The amount of stover produced each crop year depends on weather, soils and management practices like fertilizer and pest control applications.
Harvest Index of Maize (Zea mays L.): Are There Possibilities for Improvement?
Written by: Khadija Tehseen Arshad University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. Harvest index for different crops: For each crop, harvest index vary and for production of a crop per hectare on international basis, the value of H. But usually, harvest index vary from crop to crop. Differences in the amount of precipitation and cultivars were the major contributors to the variation detected within wheat classes. Harvest index is not necessarily something that you should manage directly. Soft red winter wheat in Kentucky had, on average, the highest HI and lowest straw yield among regions and wheat classes. In salt-stressed maize plants which are particularly prone to kernel abortion, a decrease in plasma membrane H +-ATPase activity in kernels was found around pollination.
The grain is the most economically valuable part of the corn plant and management decisions should be based on maximizing profit from grain yield. This study focused on the definition of the proper harvesting time of the ‘Gala’ fruit in Piedmont growing areas using the I AD non invasive method. As new opportunities arise for harvesting corn stover for livestock feed or for bioenergy, farmers will want to keep better track of how much stover they have left in the field after harvest and the value of that stover. As a general rule, the amount of stover produced is about the same as the amount of grain produced. . A crop yield will be higher when its harvest index will be higher.
Harvest index and straw yield of five classes of wheat
Harvest index for bioenergy crop research plots at various locations for 2009 to 2012. Usually the biomass of above ground is taken instead of below ground biomass, because the below ground biomass also includes the roots and the process of taken the root biomass is difficult and during experiment, chances of error increases. The yield of a crop can be basically depends upon many factors that may be endogenous factors or exogenous factors. However, the production of vegetative biomass which is usually not utilized requires high amounts of water and nutrients. In normal years, the harvest index generally hovers around 0. Notice that within the same year, there is variation in the harvest index. In maize, opposite to wheat, a close positive correlation exists between dry matter accumulation and grain yield.
Using on-going variety performance trials in eight states, a total of 255 varietal trial entriess from five classes of wheat were surveyed for above-ground biomass. The amount of wheat straw available as cellulosic feedstock in a state or wheat class can be estimated using the grain yield estimates provided by the National Agricultural Statistics Service and the class specific HI. In this review two main ways for improvement of maize HI are suggested: Increase in kernel setting and decrease of vegetative shoot biomass. The DA-Meter device do not require the destruction of the fruit sample considered and allow to monitor the fruit growth and the ripening evolution in planta. Stover can be harvested and used as a livestock feed, converted into ethanol or burned for heat or electricity. Environmental factors also influences the harvest index and ultimately yield of a crop. Thus, it can be used as selection criterion for the productivity of a crop.
Hence, for the better utilization of all of these, the human body required a food in a proper dose. And it is different for each crop. Averaged over all wheat classes and regions the HI was 0. Harvest index is a simple way to estimate how much stover you have in the field. This is due to the variability in soil types, geographic distribution of rain and to a lesser extent, management of the corn crop. Wheat straw is a potential cellulosic feedstock for bioethanol.
USE OF AD INDEX TO DEFINE HARVEST TIME AND CHARACTERIZE RIPENING VARIABILITY AT HARVEST IN 'GALA' APPLE
For the reduction of vegetative biomass, the focus lies on the the phytohormones gibberellins GAs. As with the passage of time, the population is increasing day by day, food is required more and hence yield of a crop is required in higher amount. Cereals are those crop which provide the edible seeds like rice, wheat , lentil is considered as cereals. Hard red winter wheat in the southern plain states of Texas and Oklahoma had, on average, the lowest HI. These factors are not same for all crops but variation exists. With advanced breeding, genetics and more intensive management, higher crop yields can be achieved with the same size plant, resulting in higher harvest index. We demonstrated that after shoot growth reduction, achieved either by application of a GA biosynthesis inhibitor or under drought stress, the HI was significantly increased with a concomitant improvement of resource use efficiencies.
While this is a good rule of thumb and can be used to estimate stover production on various fields, it is important to understand that this number can vary widely from year-to-year and from soil type to soil type. Mostly, modern cultivars have 0. It is hypothesized that with application of phytohormones, specifically auxins, H +-ATPase activity can be enhanced, leading to an improved transport of hexoses into the developing kernels and thus to a better kernel set. Table 1 shows data from Table 1. Optimum plant height is considered as an important trait for avoiding lodging, thus maximizes harvest index.
This is commonly expressed in a ratio called harvest index. Harvest index is the major factor which affects the crop production. Harvest index is defined as the pounds of grain divided by the total pounds of above ground biomass stover plus grain. This study was conducted to evaluate straw yield potential and its relationship with grain yield for wheat Triticum spp. During the last decades, the harvest index HI of many agricultural crops e. For questions or comments, please contact.
The DA-Meter allow to collect a consistent amount of data and can be easily “instruct” to represent potentially a real time ”decision support system” for the choice of the cultural management techniques to be adopted. These cereals are the rich source of carbohydrates, provide many minerals, and also provide protein and as a rich source of vitamins. The parents were different in some quantitative traits Table 1 T-test showed that the results of hybridizing of the parents were meaningfully different from traits like length of ears, weight of seed in plant, ear density ratio, and number of days till appearance of ear, and physiologic growth and harvest index. Corn stover is made up of the stalk, leaves, husks and tassels left in the field after harvesting the grain with a combine. Soft white winter wheat under irrigation in the Pacific Northwest produced the highest straw yield. .
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