The theme of racism is a prominent and central theme in "To Kill a Mockingbird," a novel written by Harper Lee and published in 1960. Set in the Deep South in the 1930s, the story follows the life of young Scout Finch, who lives in the small town of Maycomb, Alabama with her older brother Jem and their father Atticus, a lawyer.
Through the experiences of Scout and her family, the novel explores the deep-seated racism that permeates the society of Maycomb and the ways in which it affects the lives of the characters. One of the most prominent examples of racism in the novel is the case of Tom Robinson, a black man who is falsely accused of raping a white woman. Despite the clear evidence of his innocence, Tom is found guilty by an all-white jury and is ultimately killed while attempting to escape from prison.
Throughout the trial, Atticus, who serves as Tom's defense lawyer, faces intense criticism and discrimination from his fellow white citizens for defending a black man. He is even physically attacked by a group of men who are enraged by his decision to defend Tom. Despite the obstacles he faces, Atticus remains steadfast in his belief that all people are entitled to a fair trial and the presumption of innocence, regardless of their race.
Another key example of racism in the novel is the treatment of Calpurnia, the Finch family's black housekeeper. Despite the close relationship she has with Scout and her family, Calpurnia is frequently subject to discrimination and racism from white members of the community, including Mrs. Dubose, a neighbor who refers to Calpurnia as "that nigger woman."
Through the character of Calpurnia, the novel highlights the ways in which racism can be internalized and perpetuated even by those who do not actively engage in discriminatory behavior. Calpurnia is torn between her loyalty to the Finch family and her own sense of self-worth, which is constantly being challenged by the racism she encounters.
Ultimately, the theme of racism in "To Kill a Mockingbird" serves as a powerful commentary on the damaging and corrosive effects of prejudice and discrimination. Through the experiences of the characters, the novel illustrates the ways in which racism can divide and destroy communities, and the importance of standing up for what is right, even in the face of overwhelming opposition.
