Uptake kinetics. Uptake kinetics and subcellular distribution of three classes of typical pesticides in rice plants 2022-10-28

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Uptake kinetics refers to the study of how a chemical substance is taken up and absorbed by an organism or system. It is a key concept in pharmacology, as it helps to understand how drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated in the body.

The uptake of a substance can be influenced by a variety of factors, including the physical and chemical properties of the substance, the route of administration, and the characteristics of the organism or system. For example, the uptake of a drug may be faster if it is injected intravenously, as the substance is directly introduced into the bloodstream, compared to oral administration, where the drug must first be absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract. Additionally, the uptake of a substance may be affected by the presence of other substances, such as enzymes or carrier proteins, that facilitate or inhibit its absorption.

There are several models that have been developed to describe uptake kinetics, including the one-compartment model and the two-compartment model. The one-compartment model assumes that the body behaves as a single unit and that the substance is uniformly distributed throughout the body. This model is useful for describing the uptake of substances that have a rapid and uniform distribution, such as gases or intravenously administered drugs.

The two-compartment model, on the other hand, assumes that the body is divided into two compartments: the central compartment, which represents the bloodstream, and the peripheral compartment, which represents the tissues. This model is more appropriate for substances that have a slower distribution and elimination, such as drugs that are metabolized by the liver or excreted by the kidneys.

In addition to these models, the concept of uptake kinetics can also be described using pharmacokinetic parameters, such as the absorption rate constant (ka), the distribution rate constant (kd), and the elimination rate constant (ke). These parameters can be used to calculate the concentration of a substance in the body over time and to predict the effectiveness of a drug.

In conclusion, uptake kinetics is an important concept in pharmacology that helps to understand how drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated in the body. It is influenced by a variety of factors, including the physical and chemical properties of the substance, the route of administration, and the characteristics of the organism or system. By studying uptake kinetics, scientists can develop more effective and safer drugs, and clinicians can optimize the dosing and administration of medications.

(PDF) A model of oxygen uptake kinetics in response to exercise: including a means of calculating oxygen demand/deficit/debt. (2005)

uptake kinetics

C175665; Lifespan Bioscience ; vinculin clone hVIN-1 cat. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1982. When a single muscle is exercised, the problems are minimized. We examined seasonal variations in ammonium NH 4 + uptake kinetics, carbon to nitrogen C:N ratio, pigment content and soluble tissue N of four macroalgae of the phylum Ochrophyta, Ecklonia radiata, Macrocystis pyrifera, Lessonia corrugata, and Phyllospora comosa, from Tasmania, Australia. The aim of this study was to determine and compare uptake kinetics of five POPs to the earthworm Eisenia fetida from six different natural soils and to provide mission information about k s and k e. This was a cross-sectional study aiming to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on oxygen uptake V̇ o 2 kinetics and cardiopulmonary function in survivors of severe COVID-19 about 3—6 mo after intensive care unit ICU hospitalization.

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Oxygen uptake kinetics and chronotropic responses to exercise are impaired in survivors of severe COVID

uptake kinetics

Sediment characteristics, phosphorus types and phosphorus release rates between river and lake sediments. Mature, lateral blades were collected for E. Kinetics of As Uptake Growing Plants One hundred milliliters of nutrient solution consisting of 0. Running economy and distance running performance of highly trained athletes. Neither of these features is possible using the currently used three-phase model. R 2 values in rice var.

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Uptake Kinetics of As, Hg, Sb, and Se in the Aquatic Moss Fontinalis antipyretica Hedw

uptake kinetics

Removal of the pesticides from the hydroponic solution, plant uptake, within plant translocation and degradation occurred simultaneously. Antimony in the environment—the new global puzzle. Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for macroalgae, found in chlorophylls a and b, amino acids and cellular enzymes, thus is a key factor limiting macroalgal growth in the marine environment Hurd et al. Each point is an average of three replicates. In addition, there was a high positive correlation between the subcellular distribution of pesticides in the roots, stems and leaves. Only in soils with the highest total organic carbon content 7.

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Oxygen Uptake Kinetics in Sport, Exercise and Medicine

uptake kinetics

The higher intrinsic nutrient loadings observed for sediments in comparison to waters are likely to be a contributing factor to the elevated processing rates; intrinsic DOC concentrations have previously been found to have a positive correlation with the in-stream organic matter processing rate In upland oligotrophic waters, glucose was initially processed more quickly in the water column than in the sediment at comparable concentrations, although a higher proportion of glucose added was processed in sediments over the whole experimental period. C Real responses to individual bouts of constant power output, high-intensity exercise in a single individual. Lessnia corrugata and M. Nat Med 26: 1017—1032, 2020. Information on time-dependent uptake of pesticides with a range of physicochemical properties and their temporal distribution in various plant tissues is needed for the further model optimization and application. We will then explore the relationship between the traditional parameters of physiological function and the kinetics, highlighting how the lactate threshold and critical power determine the behaviour of the response, and how and anaerobic capacity interact to place constraints upon the response and the time to exhaustion during high-intensity exercise. Ecklonia radiata and L.

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Microbial uptake kinetics of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) compound groups from river water and sediments

uptake kinetics

Full size image V max were significantly different between species p 0. Carbon balance of UK peatlands: current state of knowledge and future research challenges. D and E mRNA levels of D RNASEH1 or E KRAS mRNA were determined by RT-qPCR on lysates from untreated cells. NCI-H2030 cell lines were transfected with siGenome pools and treated with a dose range of AZD4785, before RT-qPCR was carried out to determine KRAS mRNA levels. Oxygen uptake kinetics for various intensities of constant-load work. Assessing pollution in the Kola River, northwestern Russia, using metal concentrations in water and bryophytes. Food safety problems caused by pesticide residues have always been a concern for many people.

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Uptake kinetics

uptake kinetics

Journal of Applied Physiology, 62: 199— 207. The changes in respiration at the transition from work to rest. C For co-localization quantification, confocal images were also taken on one z-plane 72 h after AZD4785 treatment. Cell lines were selected to include both KRAS-wild-type and KRAS-mutant genotypes to determine any differences oncogenic KRas activity may have in mediating cEt-ASO uptake. Conclusions Our results suggest that COVID-19 is associated with impaired submaximal and maximal cardiopulmonary responses to exercise.

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Uptake kinetics and subcellular distribution of three classes of typical pesticides in rice plants

uptake kinetics

The time-dependent uptake kinetics of the three categories of pesticides with different molecular structures fit a first-order one-compartment kinetic model. Furthermore, analysis across the NSCLC cell panel and TCGA patient data also highlighted differential expression of RAB5 isoforms with RAB5C being the most predominantly expressed. Linnane is a fellow of the AstraZeneca postdoc programme. Individual black dots correspond to nine-point rolling average data. Exercise tolerance is partially determined by the rate at which skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism is adjusted to changes in metabolic demand o 2, resulting in oxygen deficit.

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Uptake kinetics of five hydrophobic organic pollutants in the earthworm Eisenia fetida in six different soils

uptake kinetics

Physiol Rev 91: 1447—1531, 2011. Uptake and release of zinc by aquatic bryophytes Fontinalis antipyretica L. To date there have been no studies to characterize trafficking of cEt-ASOs within the cell and limited in vitro studies across ASO molecules in clinically relevant models. Influence of 6 weeks of endurance running training on kinetics during heavy-intensity treadmill running in a representative individual. Circulation 76: 18—28, 1987. Water Research, 32 4 , 1305—1313. John Durocher Purdue University Northwest about the latest study by Longobardi et al.

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Differential uptake, kinetics and mechanisms of intracellular trafficking of next

uptake kinetics

Differential uptake, kinetics and mechanisms of intracellular trafficking of next-generation antisense oligonucleotides across human cancer cell lines Nucleic Acids Research Oxford Academic We use cookies to enhance your experience on our website. Chemical composition and microbial activity of seston in a Southern Appalachian headwater stream. Results: Left ventricular end-diastolic dimension was higher in both types of athletes compared with C, but greater in ET than in ST C, 4. A drop of total concentration during the experiment was found in most soils and for most compounds. Oxygen pulse was greater in ST and ET than in C C, 9. Two additional conical flasks with no macroalgae were used as controls, with one containing filtered seawater and one with filtered seawater enriched to 240 μM. Final residues of these four pesticides, including clothianidin a primary toxic metabolite of thiamethoxam , in all chrysanthemum flower samples were below the maximum residue limit MRL values 21 days after two soil applications each at the recommended dose i.

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