Technology transfer, also known as knowledge transfer or innovation transfer, refers to the process of transferring knowledge, skills, technologies, methods of manufacturing, samples of manufacturing, and facilities among organizations or countries. The transfer of technology can take place through various channels, which can be categorized into formal and informal channels.
Formal channels of technology transfer include licensing, joint ventures, strategic alliances, and foreign direct investment (FDI). Licensing refers to the process of granting permission to use a patented technology or trademark in exchange for royalties or fees. Joint ventures involve the creation of a new business entity by two or more organizations, which can share resources, expertise, and profits. Strategic alliances refer to the collaboration between organizations for a specific project or a long-term partnership, without the creation of a new business entity. Foreign direct investment (FDI) involves the acquisition of a local company or the establishment of a new business in a foreign country by an organization.
Informal channels of technology transfer include employee mobility, informal networks, and international trade. Employee mobility refers to the movement of employees from one organization to another, leading to the transfer of knowledge and skills. Informal networks refer to the personal relationships and connections that individuals or organizations have with each other, which can facilitate the exchange of ideas and information. International trade refers to the exchange of goods and services between countries, which can also involve the transfer of technology through the export and import of technologically advanced products.
There are several factors that influence the choice of the channel for technology transfer. These include the nature of the technology being transferred, the objectives of the transferring and receiving organizations, and the legal and regulatory framework of the country. For example, licensing may be a suitable option for transferring a patented technology, while joint ventures may be a suitable option for transferring a complex technology that requires significant resources and expertise.
In conclusion, technology transfer plays a crucial role in the development and growth of organizations and countries. The transfer of technology can take place through various channels, including formal channels such as licensing, joint ventures, strategic alliances, and foreign direct investment, as well as informal channels such as employee mobility, informal networks, and international trade. The choice of the channel for technology transfer depends on several factors, including the nature of the technology being transferred, the objectives of the transferring and receiving organizations, and the legal and regulatory framework of the country.
Technology transfer
This can take place through the use of technology acquisitions, technology transfers, or simply the exchange of technology between companies. ADVERTISEMENTS: Alliances need to be formed when one or both the parties have a unique strength. As a result, forty-six publications were included accordingly to our research questions Appendix A. Using tech transfer methods allows SMEs to react to challenges and provide positive contributions to technological advances, economic growth and their own ability to innovate. For example, one party may contribute with technology or know-how and the other party may provide investment. Most, if not all, technological inventions are developed in a university or laboratory. In this way, the transmission of tacit and explicit knowledge can be favoured through the building and maintenance of relationships to achieve strategic goals.
Channels of technology transfer
Technology licensing only occurs when one of the parties owns valuable intangible assets, known as intellectual property, and because of that ownership has the legal right to prevent the other party from using it. Licensing Technology: The mode of technology transfer through licensing is older than the FDI. Technology transfer licensing agreements Licensing agreements are legally binding contracts where the owner of These terms determine the rights of the licensee: a broad license for any purpose in any territory and field of use, or a narrow license only for distribution or manufacturing in defined territories or technologies, or somewhere in between. An important part of tech transfer is the protection of intellectual property IP associated with innovations developed at research institutions. Technology transfer serves to join research with real world products that can provide benefits for society, solutions to problems and, at the same time, generating profit that can be used to fund further research and development. Digital Distribution: The digital way in which a publisher distribution their content is through the use of digital platforms such as Amazon, Apple, and Google Play.
Channels and processes of knowledge transfer: How does knowledge move between university and industry?
Finally, there are benefits for society as a whole, whether that is saving lives, better health, a cleaner environment, and technical advances to deliver new capabilities, products and services. Technological products, no matter how revolutionary they are, give no real positive yield if they are not yet put in real practice by a party that can truly benefit from them. Joint venture agreements A joint venture is a business entity created by two or more parties pooling their resources with the objective of implementing a common business purpose. This is done by people who are familiar with the product or service and who have an opinion on it. Yet, the variety of frameworks encompassed in our review evidenced the need for a novel approach aimed at highlighting the complementarity and the dynamics between transfer activities. They can be physical, digital, mobile, and social. First, future analyses should be tailored on the revealed multidimensionality of the KT processes.
What is Technology Transfer? (Definition and Examples)
The Deepening Crisis: Governance Challenges after Neoliberalism. The agreement concluded between a university or a research institution and a start-up company needs to address some key considerations such as: IP, financial conditions, management obligations, conflict of interest concerns, participation and support of the university inventor, commercialization or business plan with development milestones and a pathway to market launch and exit. The characteristics of knowledge, individuals, organizations, and disciplines were found to be the main determinants in the adoption of transfer mechanisms. On the forty-six publications included in the review, thirty fall in this category. By continuing to use our website, you are agreeing to our use of cookies. This can lead to new products, services, and applications being developed that are more efficient, more cost-effective, and more reliable.
