The Restoration period in English literature refers to the time period between 1660 and 1700, following the Interregnum and the rule of Oliver Cromwell. This period was marked by the return of the monarchy, with King Charles II taking the throne after the death of Cromwell. The Restoration period is known for its focus on refinement, wit, and intellectualism, as well as the emergence of new literary genres such as the restoration comedy and the heroic play.
One of the most notable features of the Restoration period was the renewed emphasis on social and cultural refinement. The years of Puritan rule under Cromwell had been marked by strict moral codes and a suppression of leisure and artistic pursuits. With the return of the monarchy, there was a renewed focus on pleasure, enjoyment, and the finer things in life. This is reflected in the literature of the time, which often focused on the lives and antics of the wealthy and privileged classes.
One of the most popular genres of literature during the Restoration period was the restoration comedy, which depicted the wit and sophistication of upper-class society. These plays often featured witty dialogue, clever wordplay, and sexual innuendo, and were popular with audiences of all classes. Some of the most famous restoration comedies include William Wycherley's "The Country Wife" and William Congreve's "The Way of the World."
In addition to the restoration comedy, the heroic play was another popular genre during this time. These plays featured larger-than-life heroes who were often based on historical or mythological figures. They often had complex plots and featured themes of honor, bravery, and love. Some of the most famous heroic plays of the Restoration period include John Dryden's "All for Love" and Nathaniel Lee's "The Rival Queens."
Another notable feature of the literature of the Restoration period was the emergence of the essay as a literary form. During this time, there was a great deal of intellectual ferment and debate, and the essay became a popular means of expressing and discussing ideas. Some of the most famous essayists of the time include John Dryden, Joseph Addison, and Richard Steele, who together founded the famous periodical "The Spectator."
In conclusion, the Restoration period in English literature was marked by a renewed focus on refinement, wit, and intellectualism, as well as the emergence of new literary genres such as the restoration comedy and the heroic play. This period was also marked by the emergence of the essay as a literary form, and saw the publication of many influential periodicals and essays.