Agroclimatic zones of karnataka. Lesson 17: Agro Climatic zones of Karnataka 2022-10-07
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Agroclimatic zones are geographical areas that have similar climatic conditions, which influence the type of crops that can be grown in these regions. Karnataka, a state in southern India, has four main agroclimatic zones - the Coastal zone, the North Interior zone, the South Interior zone, and the Hill zone.
The Coastal zone, which stretches along the Arabian Sea, has a tropical climate with high humidity and abundant rainfall. This region is suitable for the cultivation of rice, coconut, areca nut, and cashew. The North Interior zone, which is located in the northern part of the state, has a dry, arid climate with hot summers and cold winters. This region is suitable for the cultivation of crops such as jowar, ragi, and groundnut.
The South Interior zone, which is located in the southern part of the state, has a tropical climate with moderate rainfall and relatively cooler temperatures. This region is suitable for the cultivation of crops such as coffee, pepper, and cardamom. The Hill zone, which is located in the western ghats, has a cool, temperate climate with heavy rainfall. This region is suitable for the cultivation of crops such as tea, coffee, and spices.
In addition to these four main agroclimatic zones, Karnataka also has microclimatic variations within each zone, which influence the type of crops that can be grown. For example, the Coastal zone has microclimatic variations such as the Delta region, which is suitable for the cultivation of rice, and the Malnad region, which is suitable for the cultivation of spices.
Overall, the agroclimatic zones of Karnataka play a crucial role in determining the type of crops that can be grown in the state. They provide valuable information to farmers about the most suitable crops for their region, enabling them to make informed decisions about what to grow and how to manage their farms effectively.
Lesson 17: Agro Climatic zones of Karnataka
Small ruminant farmers were getting handful income from their animals which act as source of income during economic crisis and also they invest in these smallstocks as current stocks. Majority of the respondents were illiterate and marginal farmers. The training programmes imparted includes improved cultivation practices, enhancing the skills and building the confidence to solve the existing Agriculture problems. Average Rainfall: 830-920 mm Average Elevation: 450-900 m Soil: Shallow to medium black, red lateritic Zone 2 North Eastern Dry Zone Districts Number of Talukas : Gulbarga 5 , Yadgir 3 , Raichur 3 Talukas: Afzalpur, Chitapur, Gulbarga, Jewargi, Sedum, Shahapur, Yadgir, Shorapur, Raichur, Deodurga, Manvi. Average Rainfall: 620-1300 mm Average Elevation: 450-900 m Soil: shallow to medium black clay, red sandy loams Zone 9 Hilly Zone Districts Number of Talukas : Uttara Kannada 6 , Belgaum 1 , Dharwad 1 , Haveri 1 , Shimoga 4 , Chickmangalur 5 , Kodagu 3 , Hassan 1 Talukas: Sirsi, Siddapura, Yellapura, Supa, Haliyal, Mundgod, Khanapur, Soraba, Hosanagar, Sagar, Thirthahalli, Koppa, Sringeri, Mudigere, Narasimharajapur, Chickmagalur, Kalaghatagi, Hangal, Sakleshpur, Virajpet, Somwarpet, Madikere. Agro-Climatic Zone of Karnataka Karnataka Central Dry Zone Chikkamagalur Chitradurga Davanagere Tumkur Tumkur A Coastal Zone Dakshina Kannada Udupi Eastern Dry Zone Bangalore Rural Kolar Hill Zone Kodagu Shimoga Uttara Kannada North East Transition Zone Bidar North Eastern Dry Zone Gulbarga Raichur Northern Dry Zone Bagalkot Belgaum Belgaum A Bellary Bijapur Dharwad Gadag Gulbarga A Koppal Northern Transition Zone Haveri Southern Dry Zone Hassan Mandya Mysore Southern Transition Zone Chamrajanagar Ramanagram. Udupi , Dakshina Kannada , Uttara Kannada.
They are frequently associated with crop production, mainly because of its buffer function for crop failure and crop surpluses Slingerland, 2000. In order to determine the differences, if any, data from three zones were subjected to ANOVA. Information on the existing small ruminant farming system and farmers involved in this particular system helps in formulating the strategies for better adoption of husbandry practices. It is also conducting short term Research, there by acting as mini University in the district. This figure indicated that small ruminant farmers were mostly illiterate.
Average Rainfall: 630-810 mm Average Elevation: 300-450 m Soil: very deep black clay, shallow to medium black Zone 3 Northern Dry Zone Districts Number of Talukas : Koppal 4 , Gadag 4 , Dharwad 1 , Belgaum 5 , Bijapur 5 , Bagalkot 6 , Bellary 7 , Davangere 1 , Raichur 2 Talukas: Gangavathi, Koppal, Kushtagi, Lingasugur, Sindhanur, Yelburga, Badami, Bagalkote, Bagewadi, Bilgi, Bijapur, Hungund, Indi, Jamkhandi, Mudhol, Muddebihal, Sindhagi, Bellary, Hagaribommanahalli, Harapanahalli, Hadagali, Hospet, Kudligi, Sandur, Siruguppa, Ron, Navalgund, Naragund, Gadag, Mundargi, Ramdurga, Gokak, Raibag, Soundatti, Athani. Zonewise figures indicated that average land holding was highest in semi-arid zone 4. Socio-economic status of shepherd in sonadi breeding tract. The highly significant difference P5 6 15 4 10 2 5 12 10 Experience in small ruminant farming years Low 2-11 18 45 20 50 28 60 64 53. Highest number of farmers belonged to small size family was observed in coastal zone 85% whereas highest number of large size families was found in semi-arid zone.
Keywords : Introduction Small ruminants are an important but neglected resource in developing countries. Sheep and goats act as cash buffer and reduce the risk of crop failure in mixed farming systems. Special advantages of small ruminants over large ruminants include higher production efficiency, easier marketability, lower risks, broader adaptability to different environments and smaller absolute feed requirements per animal. Reasons to keep small ruminants The farmers were asked to offer different reasons for rearing small ruminants. Belgaum , Dharwad , Haveri , Gadag Hilly zone 904. Of these, Karnataka falls under agro-climatic zones of 10 and 12.
Occupation All the small ruminant farmers contacted had both animal husbandry and agriculture as main occupation Land holding Data presented in Table 1 revealed that majority of the respondents 45% were marginal farmers followed by small 31. Bangalore Rural , Ramanagar Bangalore Urban , Kolar , Chikkaballpur Tumkur Southern dry zone 450-900m 670. Hassan , Chickmagalur , Shimoga , Mysore , Davanagere Northern transition zone 450-900m 619. Heggada Devana Kote, Hunsur, Periyapatna, Hole Narasipura, Alur, Arkalgud, Belur Average annual RF mm 450 to 715 680 to 890 670 to 890 610 to 1050 Climate Hot, Dry, Semi-Arid Hot, Moist, Semi-Arid Hot, Moist, Semi arid Hot, Moist and Sub-Humid Soil type Major area under Red soils with patches of Black and Alluvial soils Dominant: Red soils ; Others: Lateritic and Alluvial Soils Red, Black, Alluvial, Brown Forest and Forest Soils Red, black, alluvial, lateritic and brown forest soils. Highest average family size of 6. Small ruminants play an important role in the development of rural mass and contribute to the livelihood of millions of poor by offering immense opportunities and potential for improvement of income and employment generation. This study confirms that small ruminants are most suitable livestock for landless and small farmers.
Average Rainfall: 610-1050 mm Average Elevation: 450-900 m Soil: red sandy loams, red loams Zone 8 Northern Transition Zone Districts Number of Talukas : Belgaum 4 , Dharwad 3 , Haveri 6 , Gadag 1 Talukas: Hukkeri, Chikodi, Bailhongal, Belgaum, Haveri, Shiggaon, Shirahatti, Kundagol, Savanur, Hubli, Dharwad, Byadgi, Hirekerur, Raneebennur. Multistage sampling procedure was used to select a total of sixty small ruminant farmers. The data were obtained from the farmers by the investigator with the help of a structured interview schedule. Majority of the farmers belonged to backward castes, illiterates, had small family size and gaining handful of income from small ruminants. Average Rainfall: 450-720 mm Average Elevation: 450-900 m Soil: red sandy loams, deep to medium black Zone 5 Eastern Dry Zone Districts Number of Talukas : Bangalore Rural 4 , Ramanagar 4 Bangalore Urban 3 , Kolar 5 , Chikkaballpur 6 Tumkur 2 Talukas: Gubbi, Tumkur, Anekal, Bangalore South, Bangalore North, Channapatna, Devanahalli, Doddabalapur, Hosakote, Kankapura, Magadi, Nelmangala, Ramanagar, Bagepalli, Bangarpet, Chikkabalapur, Chintamani, Gudibanda, Gowribidanur, Kolar, Malur, Mulbagal, Sidalaghatta, Srinivasapura.
Bijapur represented Arid zone , Gulbarga represented Semi-arid zone and Udupi represented Coastal zone. The nuclear families were highest 85% in coastal zone. Though information regarding status of small ruminant farmers and their farming systems are covered in majority of the surveys by different researchers, the changing scenarios of farming systems, advances in small ruminant management technologies and increasing accessibility of farmers to various infrastructures and extension facilities necessitates continuous monitoring of socio-economic status of farmers involved in this sector. Family type The social system was predominated by nuclear families as it is evident from the table 1 that out of total families selected 75 per cent were nuclear. Methodology The present study was carried out in three districts which represented three different ago-climatic zones of Karnataka state, viz.
The study also revealed that Average flock size was 9. The proportion of OBC families was higher in arid zone when compared to other two zones. Family size Majority of the pooled respondents 76. Irrespective of the zones small ruminants were perceived as a source of income mostly by sale of animals. Results and Discussion Caste In rural social system caste plays a vital role and influences various aspects of social life. Hence an effort has been made in the present study to collect information regarding socio-economic status of small ruminant farmers of three different agro-climatic zones of Karnataka. Narasipur, Mysuru, Kollegal, Nanjangud, Turuvekere, Kunigal, Nagamangala, Srirangapatna, Arasikere, Malavally, Maddur, Mandya, Pandavapura, Krishnarajapet, Channarayapatna, Hassan, Chamarajanagara, Yelandur, Gundlupet and Tiptur.
