Freud and erikson theory. Similarities & Differences Between Freud & Erikson 2022-10-24
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Sigmund Freud and Erik Erikson are two of the most influential psychoanalysts in the field of psychology. Both men developed theories of human development that have had a lasting impact on the field and continue to be studied and applied today. While both theories focus on the importance of the unconscious mind and how it shapes our behavior and personality, they differ in their focus and the specific stages of development they propose.
Freud's theory of psychoanalytic development is based on the idea that human behavior is driven by unconscious desires and conflicts. According to Freud, the human psyche is made up of three parts: the id, the ego, and the superego. The id represents our primal urges and desires, the ego is the part of the psyche that mediates between the demands of the id and the superego, and the superego is the part of the psyche that represents our moral and ethical values.
Freud believed that human development occurs in stages, each of which is characterized by a specific conflict that must be resolved. The first stage is the oral stage, which occurs in infancy and is characterized by the child's reliance on the mother for nourishment and comfort. The second stage is the anal stage, which occurs in early childhood and is characterized by the child's struggle to gain control over their bodily functions. The third stage is the phallic stage, which occurs during the preschool years and is characterized by the child's sexual curiosity and the development of their gender identity. The fourth stage is the latent stage, which occurs during the school-age years and is characterized by a focus on social relationships and the development of a sense of self. The final stage is the genital stage, which occurs during adolescence and is characterized by the development of mature sexual relationships.
Erikson's theory of psychosocial development is based on the idea that human development is a series of stages that are characterized by a specific conflict that must be resolved. Like Freud, Erikson believed that the unconscious mind plays a significant role in shaping our personality and behavior. However, Erikson's theory emphasizes the importance of social and cultural influences on development, as well as the influence of our relationships with others.
Erikson's stages of development include:
Trust vs. mistrust: This occurs during the first year of life and is characterized by the infant's development of trust in their caregivers.
Autonomy vs. shame and doubt: This occurs during the toddler years and is characterized by the child's growing sense of independence and the development of self-control.
Initiative vs. guilt: This occurs during the preschool years and is characterized by the child's desire to take on new challenges and explore their environment.
Industry vs. inferiority: This occurs during the school-age years and is characterized by the child's efforts to master new skills and compete with their peers.
Identity vs. role confusion: This occurs during adolescence and is characterized by the development of a sense of self and the exploration of different roles and identities.
Intimacy vs. isolation: This occurs during young adulthood and is characterized by the development of close relationships and a sense of belonging.
Generativity vs. stagnation: This occurs during middle adulthood and is characterized by the desire to contribute to the next generation and a sense of purpose in life.
Ego integrity vs. despair: This occurs during late adulthood and is characterized by the acceptance of one's life and a sense of peace and fulfillment.
In conclusion, both Freud and Erikson's theories of psychoanalytic development have made significant contributions to the field of psychology and continue to be
Freud vs. Erikson: Comparing Theories of Development
Although their outfits might not be appropriate for the situation, their input in such basic decisions has an effect on their sense of independence. In the boys, they see that dad has one and mom does not, and this can sometimes engage a fear in the boys that somehow they can lose theirs through castration Boeree, 2009. After this happens, the underlying cause of the unwanted behavior is forgotten. Erikson puts social and cultural aspects into Freud's biological and sexual theory. Another concern is that the theory is based on case studies versus research. In this lesson, we will examine what these two theories have in common and how they differ. Sticking with the same example, if you can't actually seek out food to appease your hunger, you might instead thumb through a cookbook or browse through your favorite recipe blog.
Similarities & Differences Between Freud & Erikson
During the final stages, a person must learn to love, care for others and develop a sense of integrity. Those who have successfully completed the earlier stages are now warm, caring, and well-adjusted. The following period of adolescence plays a critical role in both developmental theories, as a part of identity formation. Piaget claimed that all children move through these stages in the same order, but each moves at his or her own pace. Compare And Contrast Piaget's Theory Of Cognitive Development 625 Words 3 Pages One of the most well known theories in cognitive development is Piaget 's theory. Focusing on the second stage of autonomy versus shame and doubt; it is believed that the importance of the caregivers is seen and that they should provide guided opportunity for a child to explore their world, which then a sense of autonomy is developed where the psychological strength of self-control and willpower is gained.
Both theorists separate development into stages and use similar age divisions. What does this mean? This can create a problem later in life when they find that other people do not love them much as their parent does Boeree, 2009. Freud's conflict centers around sex. Brit J Guid Counsel. However, if this stage is not resolved successfully, then an adolescent will enter adulthood with a weak sense of self and role confusion. Gender Roles: Gender Stereotypes And Adolescents 1361 Words 6 Pages These stages are composed of conflicts a person goes through as they develop throughout the lifespan.
It also refers to homosexual preferences as a deviation of normal psychosexual development, though many psychologists today feel that sexual orientation is more biological in nature. However, this does not mean that he neglected his theory of biological or social factors Kail, Cavanaugh, 2004. If an issue remains unresolved during a child's oral stage, they may well develop oral fixation behaviors, such as nail-biting, smoking, and thumb sucking, that carry into later life. Each stage reflects the key social relationships or interactions for that age. J R Soc Med. Development can be characterized into various stages which are defined according to the differences in behavior Hayslip et al. During this stage, the child learns independence and seeks to find control over their environment.
However, he discovered that some symptoms that the patients were showing could not be explained by neurology and they could be explained psychologically. Freud was always talking about the way the mind worked because he believed our minds are responsible for the things we do weather we are conscious or unconscious. In addition, the child discovers the anatomical differences between the sexes. Many terms such as defense mechanism, anal retentive have become a part of our everyday language. Children become aware of their anatomical sex differences which leads boys to experience the By the end of this stage, they begin to identify with their same-sex parent. The major event that happens during this stage is potty training. After starting his career as a doctor at Vienna General Hospital, Freud entered private practice, specializing in the treatment of psychological disorders.
First, they assimilate new information or experiences in terms of their current schemata: assimilation is when they take in information that is comparable to what they already know. A conflict occurs during the phallic stage when the child desires to kill the same-sex parent to gain access to the opposite-sex parent. Self-destructive behavior was one expression of the death drive, according to Freud. Erikson has based his first stage of Psychosocial Development during the first year of life. Throughout this transition, the child experiences different physical, cognitive, and social changes that cause the child to feel the need to reconsider their identity.
During each stage, a person experiences a psychosocial crisis that contributes to their personality development. We will now discuss in further detail. Freud believed there are three fundamental structures within the mind: the id, the ego, and the superego. Most of Jung 's assumptions of his analytical psychology reflect major theoretical differences with Freud. The eight stages of Erikson's psychosocial theory of development are trust vs. Comparisons between Freud and Erikson theory of development As mentioned by Rounday 2015 , she suggested that Sigmund Freud's psychosexual theory and Erik Erikson's psychosocial theory are two important psychoanalytic theories on human development where both theories recognize the importance of the unconscious on development.
Sigmund Freud And Erikson's Psychosocial Theory Of Development
While Freud believed that development was driven by biological impulses such as the need for food and sex, Erikson emphasized the role of environmental factors and culture. Erikson's Theory The fifth stage of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development is the During this stage, adolescents develop a personal identity and a sense of self. But Freud insisted that such powerful drives, for example sexual and aggressive ones, cause a great influence on the behavior of individual, while this individual is not aware of such process. His model conveys the biological and sociological forces that Forrest goes through to effectively outgo from infancy to adulthood. Erik Ericson was a psychologist who was heavily influenced by another doctor named Sigmund Freud. Erikson, on the other hand, believed that kids continue to forge a sense of independence and competence during this phase. Inferiority The fourth stage in Erikson's model is the industry vs.
Sigmund Freudâs influence on Erik Eriksonâs Life and Theories: [Essay Example], 277 words GradesFixer
Freud's developmental theory was based on psychosexual development and believed the child development was dependent upon pleasure in each Sigmund Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory Sigmund Freud inspired many therapists and psychologists, which many have expanded their own ideas and theories of psychoanalysis. Although, at first Freud was limited to childhood based on the phallic stage, Erikson focused on developing a lifespan theory. Freud called this the oral stage of development because he believed that oral stimulation was the primary means of development at this time. Psychosexual Theory of Development Sigmund Freud 1856â1939 believed that personality develops during early childhood. They develop self-sufficiency by controlling activities such as eating, toilet training, and talking.
Freud and Erikson's Approaches to Psychoanalytic Theory: Differences & Analysis
Sigmund Freud developed theories to explain psychosexual development. The child will start to feel guilty even at the thought of invoking its own will Chapman, 2006-2010. Babies may demonstrate this by crying and turning away from a stranger, by clinging to a caregiver, or by attempting to reach their arms toward familiar faces such as parents. During this time the child learns to control defecation. The psychosocial stages of the theory includes Trust vs. It shows the name that both people call each stage and the potential outcomes of each stage, for the negative or for the positive.
