Characteristics of projective techniques. Projective Techniques 2022-10-31

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Projective Techniques

characteristics of projective techniques

Developments in alternative procedures, notably the MMPI and other objective tests, convinced many clinicians that the information previously gained from projective tests could be gained more efficiently and less expensively with objective methods. Pages 29—60 in Projective Techniques With Children. A sizable number of the controlled studies relevant to psychoanalysis that have been conducted have involved the use of projective techniques Hilgard 1952; Rickers-Ovsiankina 1960. Given these observations, it is clear that the interpreter must make every effort to demonstrate that those aspects of the response data being used in interpretation are not products of variation in nonpersonality factors. Projective tests are also used, less frequently, to study learning processes. These refer to the manner of working, compliance with instructions, sequence of ideas e. The photo interpretation technique is another name for TAT because of this.

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Projective Techniques/Tests: Types, Pros, Cons & Examples

characteristics of projective techniques

The Rorschach Test is an example of an association technique wherein the subjects respond to a series of inkblot images. The greater the stimulus ambiguity and the more open-ended the response, the greater the reliance on the organizational structures of the personality rather than on rote knowledge. In the hands of clinical psychologists these instruments have played a key role in psychodiagnosis and personality description in a wide variety of psychiatric and psychological settings. The existence of a highly objective scoring procedure, coupled with the demonstration of certain distinct differences in the performances of normal and disturbed subjects, identifies this instrument as possessing objective and normative properties that are not encountered anywhere else in the domain of projective techniques. The degree of ambiguity has been a prime consideration, although other features of stimuli are also important determinants of the response. Obviously, the first way psychologists and their predecessors found out about people was to talk to them, giving the interview historical precedence.

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Projective research: characteristics and methodology

characteristics of projective techniques

Originating in play therapy, these methods have been adapted for the diagnosis and measurement of personality, primarily in children. We are also able to identify that other set of dynamic traits, the defenses. The tale completion test is a variation of this technique. These techniques assist the respondents in unwittingly projecting their attitudes and sentiments into the research topic. Some clinicians continue to use the Rorschach test, and the work of Exner and his collaborators has lent it increasing scientific respectability see Dr.

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Chapter 14: Projective Techniques Flashcards

characteristics of projective techniques

Table V shows four main categories of projective techniques that can be identified depending on the material used and the task involved. Projective tests: ask participants to respond to vague, ambiguous stimuli in ways that can reveal the subjects needs, feelings, and personality traits. This is done in order to prevent biases on the part of the examinee. The experience balance and the experience actual are known from the relative amount of externalizing or internalizing of the feelings. It is most useful when the pictures are consistent with the area being investigated. Developmental growth can be similarly traced by applying the test to children at various ages, something that Ames, Métraux, and Walker have been doing 1959 ; a similar study was reported by Thetford, Molish, and Beck 1951.

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What are different types of projective techniques?

characteristics of projective techniques

First, their organization tends to be structured, and the interviewer is required to obtain certain items of information. Perceptual and Motor Skills 23:547—574. Why are projective tests used? Projective tests are intended to uncover feelings, desires, and conflicts that are hidden from conscious awareness. And it is very common to explore the advantages and disadvantages of some techniques and tests that are in the process of an investigation. Machover, Karen 1949 1961 Personality Projection in the Drawing of the Human Figure.

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Projective Technique

characteristics of projective techniques

How Projective Tests Are Used to Measure Personality. Zentralblatt für die gesamte Neurologie und Psychiatrie 136:596—629. Klopfer, Bruno et al. Virtually all the individual tests have interpretative manuals to assist the user in extracting useful psychological information from them, and in the case of the better-known instruments, such as the Tat and Rorschach, there are dozens of books and monographs and hundreds of articles dealing with general and specific problems of interpretation. See especially Volume 1.

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What are the different types of projective techniques?

characteristics of projective techniques

With or without this guidance, the interview was viewed by many as a subjective, unreliable procedure that could not be sufficiently validated. As is well known, there are several companies that will provide computerized scoring and interpretations of the MMPI. An important factor making the response less amenable to conscious manipulation faking is that the respondent does not comprehend the meaning of the answers given. It is generally assumed that in the process of choosing between the many alternatives for structuring or interpreting the ambiguous stimulus material, the subject reveals significant and fundamental aspects of himself. Ordinarily such devices are considered to be particularly responsive to latent or unconscious components of the person, and consistently there is a minimum of subject awareness concerning the purpose of the test. Irving 1956 The Rorschach Technique in Personality and Culture Studies. Comparative phase It inquires about the causal elements as well as other events and compares them with the event to be modified.

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General characteristics of projective techniques

characteristics of projective techniques

A serious difficulty in evaluating the reported publications is that very few replicate others in method, whether of administration or processing results. Choice or ordering techniques Choice or ordering techniques require the respondent to choose from a number of alternatives the item or arrangement that fits some specified criterion, such as meaningfulness, relevance, or attractiveness. To date, the evidence for the reliability and validity of the TAT is extremely ambiguous. In spite of the bulk and diversity of this interpretative array, there are certain generalizations that can be made concerning customary interpretative practice. They require respondents to apply what they know to produce a story or a drawing or to identify an object that may fit the ambiguous contours of an inkblot. This lack of structure involves ambiguous or vaguely defined stimuli and a relatively unrestricted set of response alternatives by means of which the subject may assign meaning to the stimulus material.

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Projective Methods

characteristics of projective techniques

Wyatt, Frederick 1947 The Scoring and Analysis of the Thematic Apperception Test. They overreact to their tensions and pain. In a study of adults in The use of the TAT in the study of groups has had several focuses. In general these problems must be resolved for projective data as a type of data before any specific projective instrument can soundly be assayed. Yet, empirical support of theory is not always conceptualized in ways that are useful in making decisions about one individual. Perceptual and Motor Skills 9:27—43.

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