Pakistan is a federal parliamentary republic located in South Asia. The country gained independence from British rule in 1947 and has had a tumultuous political history since then. The political system of Pakistan is based on the Constitution of Pakistan, which was adopted in 1973.
The head of state in Pakistan is the President, who is elected by an electoral college for a five-year term. The President serves as the ceremonial head of state and has limited powers, with the real power being held by the Prime Minister, who is elected by the National Assembly. The Prime Minister is the head of government and is responsible for running the day-to-day affairs of the country.
The legislative branch of government in Pakistan is the Parliament, which consists of the National Assembly and the Senate. The National Assembly is made up of 342 members, who are elected through a system of universal adult suffrage. The Senate is made up of 104 members, with each province being represented by equal numbers of senators. Both houses of Parliament have the power to make laws and oversee the work of the government.
Pakistan has a multi-party political system, with several parties competing in national elections. The two main parties are the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) and the Pakistan Muslim League (PML-N). Other significant parties include the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) and the Muttahida Qaumi Movement (MQM).
The judicial branch of government in Pakistan is independent of the other branches and is responsible for interpreting the Constitution and laws of the country. The highest court in the country is the Supreme Court, which is made up of a Chief Justice and several other judges. There are also high courts at the provincial level and lower courts that deal with civil and criminal cases.
Pakistan has a federal system of government, with power being divided between the federal government and the provinces. Each province has its own elected government, which is responsible for administering the affairs of the province. There are four provinces in Pakistan: Punjab, Sindh, Balochistan, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. In addition, there are two territories that are directly administered by the federal government: the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) and the capital city of Islamabad.
Pakistan has a history of military coups and periods of military rule, with several periods of military dictatorship in the past. The military has played a significant role in the country's political history and has often intervened in political affairs. However, in recent years, there have been efforts to strengthen democratic institutions and reduce the role of the military in politics.
Overall, the political system of Pakistan is complex and has faced many challenges. The country has struggled with political instability, corruption, and issues related to human rights and democracy. However, despite these challenges, Pakistan has made progress in recent years towards strengthening its democratic institutions and building a more stable and prosperous future for its citizens.