Shakespearean sonnets, also known as Elizabethan sonnets, are a type of poetry that originated in the late 16th century and were made popular by William Shakespeare. These sonnets are characterized by their strict structure, which consists of 14 lines with a specific rhyme scheme and a defined metrical pattern.
One of the most distinctive characteristics of Shakespearean sonnets is their rhyme scheme. The rhyme scheme for a Shakespearean sonnet is abab cdcd efef gg, which means that the first and third lines of each quatrain (the first four lines of the sonnet) rhyme with each other, as do the second and fourth lines. The final two lines, known as the rhymed couplet, also rhyme with each other.
Another characteristic of Shakespearean sonnets is their metrical pattern, which is written in iambic pentameter. This means that each line consists of ten syllables, with a pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables. The stressed syllables are typically found on the even-numbered syllables of the line, while the unstressed syllables are found on the odd-numbered syllables. The iambic pentameter gives the sonnets a rhythmic flow and adds to their overall structure.
In terms of their content, Shakespearean sonnets often explore themes of love, beauty, and mortality. Many of the sonnets are addressed to a person known as the "fair youth," who is often believed to be a young man for whom the poet has strong feelings. The sonnets also often address the passing of time and the fleeting nature of youth and beauty.
Overall, Shakespearean sonnets are a unique and influential form of poetry that are characterized by their strict structure, rhyme scheme, and metrical pattern. They are known for their exploration of themes such as love, beauty, and mortality, and continue to be widely studied and admired by poets and literary scholars today.