Alternation of generation in pteridophytes. Alternation of generation in Pteridophytes 2022-10-22

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Animal testing is the use of animals in scientific and medical research to develop new products or to test the safety and effectiveness of existing ones. It is a controversial practice that has been the subject of much debate and controversy for many years. While proponents of animal testing argue that it is necessary for the advancement of medical science and the development of new treatments and therapies, opponents argue that it is unethical, unnecessary, and inhumane.

One of the main arguments against animal testing is that it is unethical. Many people believe that animals have the same rights as humans and that it is wrong to use them for experimentation. They argue that animals are sentient beings with the ability to feel pain and suffering, and that it is therefore wrong to subject them to procedures that may cause them harm.

Another argument against animal testing is that it is unnecessary. Many opponents of animal testing argue that there are alternative methods of testing that are just as effective and more humane. For example, researchers can use cell cultures, computer models, and human volunteers to test the safety and effectiveness of new products. These methods are not only more humane, but they also offer more accurate and reliable results, since they more closely mimic human biology and behavior.

Finally, opponents of animal testing argue that it is inhumane. Many animals used in research are subjected to harsh conditions, including confinement, deprivation, and physical and psychological stress. They may also be subjected to painful and invasive procedures, such as surgery and injection. These conditions can cause animals to suffer, and many people believe that it is wrong to subject animals to such treatment.

In conclusion, animal testing is wrong because it is unethical, unnecessary, and inhumane. While it may be tempting to use animals in scientific research to advance medical science and develop new treatments and therapies, there are more humane and effective alternatives available. We should strive to find ways to test new products and treatments that do not rely on animal suffering, and instead focus on methods that are more ethical, accurate, and reliable.

Alternation of generation in Pteridophytes

alternation of generation in pteridophytes

Scroll down to read more! Do pteridophytes show alternation of generations? Seed is thus an ripened ovule. They live in rock crevices, bogs and swamps, and the trunks of tropical trees. This means that a plant must complete two distinct generations in order to complete its life cycle. Just like in the seed-bearing plants and mosses there is a diploid generation alternating with a haploid generation. Some of the common Indian species of Equisetum are — Equisetum debile , E.

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Pteridophyta Life Cycle

alternation of generation in pteridophytes

These two generations alternate with each other in regular succession one after the other, i. Pteridophytes thrive in wet, shaded, and damp environments. Ans: The Bryophytes have leaf-like appendages, whereas, the pteridophytes have roots, stems and leaves. The zygote develops directly by mitotic divisions into the sporophyte which is likewise diploid. In some members of pteridophytes all spores produced by the sporangia are of one type, such a plant is known as homosporous e.

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ALTERNATION OF GENERATIONS IN PTERIDOPHYTES

alternation of generation in pteridophytes

Therefore, different generations are dominant in different plants. Some are epiphytes like Ophioglossum pendulum. Dry fronds of many ferns are used as a cattle feed. Gametophyte stage is dominant in Bryophytes. Pteridophytes occupy a transitional position between bryophytes and spermatophytes. As the annulus dries, it eventually snaps off the sporangium, mechanically launching spores away from the plant. On maturation antheridium brust and multicilliated antherezoid liberates.

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Pteridophyta: Characteristics of Pteridophyta, Types

alternation of generation in pteridophytes

The sporophyte is heterosporous. They germinate to give rise to the gametophyte, known as prothallus. Leaves: They show three types of leaves like scale, small sessile and large petiolate compound. Pteridophyta — Affinities Pteridophyta show affinities with Bryophyta: 1. They vibrate around ovum but only one of them fuses with egg nucleus.

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Why seed is not formed in pteridophytes?

alternation of generation in pteridophytes

Fig: Fern Importance of Pteridophyta The importance of Pteridophyta are given below: 1. After fertilization, a diploid cell or zygote is formed, which germinates to form embryo and finally embryo develops into sporophyte. Image will be uploaded soon Examples of Pteridophytes There are many types of Pteridophytes. This individual has haploid number of chromosome in its nuclei, bears sex organs and concerned with sexual reproduction. They have multiflagellate antherozoids.

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Pteridophytes (Spore Producing Plants: Ferns and More)

alternation of generation in pteridophytes

Vascular bundles and vascular rings are akin to the vascular tissue organization of two angiosperm groups, monocots and dicots. Thus pteridophytes are said to be not completely successful terrestrial plants. A new term Tracheophyta was coined by Sinnott in 1935. Although no Pteridophytes are cultivated as crop plants, there are many traditional ways to use them. Fertilization takes place in the presence of water. Some grow well in open, dry areas like Selaginella lepidophylla resurrection plant grow well in xerophytic conditions. These are the most primitive pteridophytes.

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Pteridophytes

alternation of generation in pteridophytes

Pteridophytes commonly known as Vascular Cryptogams, are the seedless vascular plants that evolved after bryophytes. Pteridophytes are vascular plants that produce spores. The haploid generation gives birth to plants with diploid cells. Pteridophyta, on the other hand, is a primitive terrestrial plant that has evolved. Pteridophytes are the only non-flowering seedless plants having vascular tissues.


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Alternations of Generation in Pteridophytes (Origin, Theories)

alternation of generation in pteridophytes

Since reproduction is through the vegetative parts of the plant, it is known as vegetative propagation. At the time of sporogenesis the reduction division takes place and the haploid spores are formed which represent the first stage of the gametophyte generation. Strasburger 1894 discovered the process meiosis, the actual phenomenon responsible for bringing about alternation of generation. The three different types of Pteridophytes are Ferns, Horsetails and Lycopods or Lycophytes. The fertilized ovum secretes a wall and become oospore. He observed that in mosses and ferns there are two types of morphologically distinct individuals present in the life cycle.

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