Jet streams are fast-flowing, narrow air currents found at high altitudes in the Earth's atmosphere. These currents, which typically occur at an altitude of around 7-12 kilometers, are formed by the difference in temperature between the polar and tropical regions of the Earth. The Earth's rotation also plays a role in the formation of jet streams, as it causes the air to move faster at the equator and slower towards the poles.
In India, the jet stream has a significant impact on the country's climate. The jet stream that affects India is known as the subtropical westerly jet stream, which is located at an altitude of around 9-12 kilometers. This jet stream moves from west to east and is responsible for bringing moist air from the Indian Ocean to the landmass of India.
During the winter months, the subtropical westerly jet stream moves further south, bringing cold and dry air from central Asia to India. This results in lower temperatures and dry conditions in the northern and central parts of the country. The northern states of India, such as Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, and Haryana, experience cold and dry winters as a result of this jet stream.
On the other hand, during the summer months, the subtropical westerly jet stream moves further north, bringing moist and warm air from the Indian Ocean to India. This results in higher temperatures and increased rainfall in the northern and central parts of the country. The northern states of India, such as Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, experience hot and humid summers as a result of this jet stream.
In addition to affecting the temperature and precipitation patterns in India, the jet stream also plays a role in the formation of severe weather events, such as cyclones and thunderstorms. These weather events can cause significant damage and disruption in India, particularly in coastal areas.
Overall, the jet stream has a significant impact on the climate of India, affecting temperature and precipitation patterns as well as the formation of severe weather events. Understanding and predicting the movement of the jet stream is therefore important for predicting and mitigating the effects of these weather patterns on the country.