Vertical and horizontal integration are two strategies that organizations can use to align their human resource management (HRM) practices with their business goals. Both approaches have their own benefits and drawbacks, and the best approach for a particular organization will depend on its specific needs and circumstances.
Vertical integration refers to the integration of different levels of the organizational hierarchy, such as the integration of HRM practices across different departments or units. This can be accomplished through the use of shared systems and processes, common training programs, and shared performance management practices.
One benefit of vertical integration is that it can improve coordination and communication within the organization. By aligning HRM practices across departments, an organization can ensure that all employees are working towards the same goals and objectives. This can lead to increased efficiency and productivity, as employees are better able to support one another and work together effectively.
However, vertical integration can also be challenging to implement, as it requires a high level of coordination and cooperation among different departments and units. It can also be difficult to maintain over time, as changes in the organization's business goals or structure may require adjustments to the HRM practices.
Horizontal integration, on the other hand, refers to the integration of HRM practices across different organizations or business units. This can be accomplished through the use of shared services, such as shared HR departments or shared training programs.
One benefit of horizontal integration is that it can lead to cost savings, as organizations can share resources and reduce duplication of effort. It can also allow organizations to pool their expertise and knowledge, leading to increased innovation and improved decision-making.
However, horizontal integration can also be challenging to implement, as it requires a high level of trust and cooperation among different organizations. It can also be difficult to maintain, as changes in the business goals or structure of one organization may have unintended consequences for the others.
In summary, vertical and horizontal integration are two strategies that organizations can use to align their HRM practices with their business goals. Each approach has its own benefits and drawbacks, and the best approach for a particular organization will depend on its specific needs and circumstances.