Frog muscle contraction is a phenomenon that has been widely studied by researchers in the field of physiology. The purpose of this lab report is to provide an overview of the methods and results of an experiment that was conducted to study the muscle contraction in frogs.
The experiment was conducted using a dissected frog leg as the experimental specimen. The leg was placed in a solution of normal saline, and a series of electrodes were attached to the muscle tissue. The electrodes were used to stimulate the muscle tissue, causing it to contract.
To measure the contraction of the muscle, a force transducer was used. The force transducer was attached to the muscle tissue and measured the force of the contraction. The results of the measurement were then recorded on a computer.
The results of the experiment showed that the muscle contraction in the frog leg was strong and rapid. When the muscle tissue was stimulated, it contracted quickly and with a great deal of force. The force of the contraction was also found to be proportional to the strength of the stimulation.
One of the main conclusions that can be drawn from this experiment is that the muscle tissue in the frog leg is highly responsive to stimuli. The quick and strong contraction of the muscle tissue demonstrates the ability of the frog leg to respond to environmental stimuli and to perform various movements.
Overall, the results of this experiment provide valuable insights into the mechanics of muscle contraction in frogs. The findings of this study may be useful in the development of treatments for muscle-related disorders, as well as in the study of other physiological processes in frogs and other animals.
Isotonic Contractions in Frog Muscles
Make no other changes to the setup between the trials other than the load. This is known as tetany, and it is how skeletal muscles produces smooth movements. Therefore, when a muscle is overly stretched the force produced greatly decreases Contraction of Whole Muscle. In the latent period, is occurring but there is no measurable muscle tension produced. When a skeletal muscle is repetitively stimulated, twitches can overlap each other and result in a stronger muscle contraction than a stand-alone twitch.
The smaller waves represent the contraction of the atria. If the stimulus is increased enough it will reach the supramaximal level, where tension does not increase. First , an careful observation of the frog was made to saw its motion. The frog was constantly sprayed with solution to keep the tissues from dying. Calcium is stored in the sarcoplasmic reticulum and released when the muscle is stimulated. When the adrenaline was added to the liquid around Daphnia and after a few seconds, its heart rate sped up. Then check whether all limbs are working together or not.
Force of Muscle Contraction Lab Report LITERATURE CITED Allen, D. This occurs as b. An EKG, along with blood work to measure troponin levels, can definitively determine whether or not a person has suffered from a myocardial infarction. Lastly, the head was removed in order to expose the brain of the fish by cutting the top of the head into a flap that is removed by using tweezers. Copy to Clipboard Reference Copied to Clipboard. Mount the femur in the femur clamp and attached the Achilles tendon to the force transducer with a thread. The accurate result and amplitude can be changed by adjusting the voltage and good results will be achieved.
Investigation of Frog Gastrocnemius Muscle Contraction
Kayla Hofstee Physci 111L Section 1 May 8, 201 Frog Skeletal Muscle Contraction Lab Report Summary The purpose of this study was to investigate skeletal muscle physiology and relationships between muscle length, force production, and contraction velocity by measurement of twitch, tetany, and loaded contractions of the gastrocnemius in the Rana pipiens. Neurotransmitters, specifically norepinephrine NE , are released into the postganglionic synapses of the sympathetic nervous system SNS during flight or fight response. You correctly answered: b. The presence of this lag or delay in muscle contraction can be explained by the time needed for the excitation-contraction EC coupling to take place Moyes and Schulte, 2008. What was the force of contraction at a stimulation frequency of 22. Horowicz Cite this article Kotsias, B. While one motor unit may be entering the relaxation phase of a twitch, another may be barely starting to contract, due to the high frequency of the stimulus.
Solubility rules were also a major theme as solubility is important in determining whether a reaction will produce a precipitate. The calcium ion attaches the voltage gate Calcium channels in the transverse tubules extensions of the muscle cell membrane then diffusion …show more content… The materials used were a tweezer, a petri dish, a cutting tool and three microscope slides. Through the movement of calcium ions, the muscle action potential is taken into actual muscle contraction with the interaction of two types of proteins, actin and myosin. If not, what explanations can you offer that would explain your results. You finally reach resting potential when the forces balance the electrical charge and the change of voltage of the neuron is measured.
For further instructions on setting up the PowerLab equipment and collecting data, please refer to Chapter 8: Force of Muscle Contraction in the Animal Physiology Lab Manual Force of Muscle Contraction 127143. Bridging structures spanning the junctional gap at the triad of skeletal muscle. Sever the tibiofibula just below the knee and just above the ankle. If motor response was initiated, it usually involves a series of action potentials that produce a muscle contraction and a movement of one or more parts of the body. The aim of this experiment was to measure the effect of neurotransmitters on the heart rate of Daphnia. The motor neuron and muscle fiber intersect at what is called You correctly answered: d.
A whole muscle is made up of hundreds of motor units that are handled by different motor neurons that react at different levels of stimulation. Then triggers more calcium from sarcoplasmic reticulum. Muscle tonus is important in a sense that it governs the Premium Muscle Muscular system Skeletal muscle Frog Muscle Labs Stimulus-Dependent Lab A motor unit is a motor neuron and the muscle fiber it controls. As the filaments slide past each other and generate a contraction, the coupling phase is over. Then 20 trials were conducted, increasing the tension by 1mm each time… Skeletal Muscle Research Paper The actin and myosin in the sarcomere use what is known as the sliding filament theory as means of causing the contractions of muscle. You correctly answered: d. Potassium ion concentration in the extracellular medium affects the resting membrane potential of the cell, bringing it closer to or farther away from its threshold voltage.
Physiology lab report on gastronemius frog muscle Free Essays
But in order to know the identity of these unknowns, in part 1, Ag+, Pb+, and Hg22+ were presented to the student in aqueous solutions and then precipitated through experimentation. The other way a muscle can increase the force of contraction is after the muscle receives another stimulus before reaching threshold and undergoes another, yet stronger contraction Holbrook, Leicht 186. Why or why not? Neurotransmitters affect different types of smooth muscle differently, depending on the association of the smooth muscle with excitable cells. During contraction, the globular heads of myosin form cross bridges with the globular actin subunits on actin and generate force. Will it be necessary to "overlay the stimulator output" to measure latent period? The amount of force generated is dependent on the length of the muscle fibre and the load put on it.
Draw a diagram of the setup used in this lab exercise. Vmax for direct and nerve stimulation. Connally, and efficiency in isolated frog and rat muscle. The spleen, liver, gill… Skeletal Muscle Essay The time that gave the highest tetanic force was noted. DHPR plays a role in excitation-contraction coupling in both skeletal and cardiac muscle, it specifically facilitates the release of Ca++ during muscle contraction.
The term motor unit refers to Your answer : b. Yet these two types of contractions differ in several important respects, and measure the voltage. The adjustment for stimulus level will be different depending on the type of stimulator you are using. The experiment also calls for an understanding of cardiovascular compensation. The combined effect of such shortening of sarcomeres in the muscle fibre causes collective shortening of the muscle. Some functions of musces in our bodies include motion, maintenance of posture, and heat production.
