Perennialism and essentialism are two educational philosophies that have influenced the development of educational systems and approaches around the world. While both philosophies share some similarities, they also have some significant differences that set them apart. On the other hand, progressivism is a philosophy that emphasizes the importance of individual experience, practical problem-solving, and social reform in education. In this essay, we will explore the differences between perennialism, essentialism, and progressivism and how these philosophies have influenced the development of education.
Perennialism is an educational philosophy that emphasizes the importance of timeless and universal truths that can be found in the great works of literature, art, and science. According to perennialists, these works contain the enduring wisdom of the ages and should be the basis for education. Perennialists believe that education should focus on the development of the intellect and the promotion of critical thinking and logical reasoning skills. They also believe that education should be centered around the classics, which are seen as the best examples of timeless and universal truths.
Essentialism is an educational philosophy that emphasizes the importance of teaching a common core of knowledge and skills to all students. Essentialists believe that there are certain fundamental skills and knowledge that are essential for all students to learn in order to be successful in life. These skills and knowledge include things like reading, writing, mathematics, and science. Essentialists also believe that education should be structured and disciplined, with a focus on traditional subjects and a clear set of goals and objectives.
Progressivism is an educational philosophy that emphasizes the importance of individual experience and practical problem-solving in education. Progressivists believe that education should be geared towards helping students to develop their own interests and passions and to become active, responsible members of society. They also believe that education should be flexible and adaptable, allowing students to learn at their own pace and in their own way. Progressivists also emphasize the importance of social reform in education, advocating for changes that promote equality and justice in society.
In summary, perennialism, essentialism, and progressivism are three educational philosophies that have influenced the development of education around the world. Perennialism emphasizes the importance of timeless and universal truths, essentialism focuses on the importance of teaching a common core of knowledge and skills, and progressivism emphasizes the importance of individual experience and practical problem-solving. While these philosophies have some similarities, they also have some significant differences that set them apart.