"My Last Duchess," written by Robert Browning in 1842, is a dramatic monologue that presents the twisted thoughts and views of the speaker, the Duke of Ferrara. The poem tells the story of the Duke's previous marriage and the events leading up to the death of his wife, the Duchess. Through the use of literary devices and language, Browning presents the Duke as a jealous and possessive individual who values his reputation and status above all else.
The poem begins with the Duke introducing the portrait of his last Duchess to the envoy of the Count of Tyrol. The Duke's pride and arrogance are immediately apparent as he brags about the skill of the painter and the beauty of the Duchess. However, as the conversation progresses, it becomes clear that the Duke was not satisfied with his wife's behavior. He accuses her of smiling too freely and giving her affection to everyone she met, implying that he believed she was unfaithful to him.
The Duke's possessive and controlling nature is further revealed through his use of the pronoun "my." Throughout the poem, he refers to the Duchess as "my last Duchess," emphasizing his ownership of her and his belief that she was his property. This belief is further reinforced by his use of the verb "gave," as he says "I gave commands; / Then all smiles stopped together." This suggests that the Duke believed that he had the power to control the Duchess's actions and emotions, and that he expected her to be obedient to his every command.
In addition to his possessiveness and control, the Duke is also shown to be a deeply jealous and suspicious man. He accuses the Duchess of flirting with other men and being too friendly with them, even though there is no concrete evidence to support these accusations. His jealousy is further highlighted through his use of the word "enjoy" when he says "I call / That piece a wonder, now: Frà Pandolf's hands / Worked busily a day, and there she stands." This suggests that the Duke believed that the Duchess enjoyed the attention of other men and that this was a source of resentment for him.
Furthermore, the Duke's tendency to manipulate the truth is evident in the way he speaks about the Duchess. He presents her as a flirtatous and unfaithful woman, even though there is no evidence to support these accusations. This suggests that the Duke is willing to manipulate the truth in order to justify his own actions and preserve his reputation.
In conclusion, "My Last Duchess" is a powerful poem that presents the twisted thoughts and views of the speaker, the Duke of Ferrara. Through the use of literary devices and language, Browning presents the Duke as a jealous and possessive individual who values his reputation and status above all else. The poem serves as a commentary on the societal expectations and gender roles of the time, as well as the dangers of jealousy and possessiveness in relationships.