Types soil in india. What are the 8 major types of soil in India? 2022-10-06
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India is a country with diverse topography and climate, which results in a wide variety of soil types. These soil types are classified based on their physical, chemical, and biological properties, as well as their ability to support plant growth. Here are the different types of soil found in India:
Alluvial soil: This type of soil is found in the northern and eastern parts of India, and is formed by the deposition of sediments brought by rivers. Alluvial soil is fertile and rich in nutrients, and is suitable for the cultivation of crops such as rice, wheat, and sugarcane.
Red soil: This type of soil is found in the southern and central parts of India, and is characterized by its reddish color due to the presence of iron oxide. Red soil is generally poor in nutrients and requires regular fertilization to support crop growth. Crops such as cotton, tobacco, and corn are typically grown in red soil.
Black soil: This type of soil is found in the western parts of India, particularly in the Deccan Plateau. Black soil is rich in organic matter and is suitable for the cultivation of crops such as cotton, wheat, and sugarcane.
Laterite soil: This type of soil is found in the eastern and western parts of India, and is characterized by its high clay content and low nutrient levels. Laterite soil is not suitable for the cultivation of most crops, but is often used for the cultivation of tea and rubber.
Forest soil: This type of soil is found in areas with dense forests, and is characterized by its high organic matter content. Forest soil is generally not suitable for agriculture, but is important for the ecosystem as it helps to maintain the health of the forests.
In conclusion, India has a wide variety of soil types, each with its own unique characteristics and suitability for growing different crops. Understanding these soil types is important for farmers and agriculture professionals in order to make informed decisions about which crops to cultivate and how to best manage the soil.
8 Major Types of Soil in India And Their Characteristics
But they contain an excessive amount of iron-oxide and potash contents. In the process of forming soil, this layer is the first step. They cover almost 40 percent of the total landmass of India and thus making it the most widespread soil in India. Crop- Rice , wheat, millets etc can grow in summer only. Alluvial soil is a depositional soil as it is deposited by rivers and streams. Therefore, if you want to understand the soil condition, you have to monitor the physical characteristics of the soil. B, Tamilnadu and Assam.
Types of Soil in India (ICAR Classification of Indian Soil)
They are found in arid and semi-arid regions, as well as swampy and waterlogged areas. Chemical properties of Arid and Desert Soils It contains phosphate even though it is poor in nitrogen, a high percentage of soluble salts, alkaline with calcium carbonate with varying degrees, and poor in organic matter. Approximately 43% of Indian soils is alluvial type. The singular units are limited by level to adjusted vertical appearances in this soil structure. It is some king of depositional soil — transported and deposited by rivers, streams etc. Soils of the peninsular plateau are much older than the soils of the great northern plain.
Types of Soil In India And Their Uses For Different Crops
When dry, it shrinks, forming cracks on the surface Best suited for cotton cultivation Clay-like texture Black Rich in iron, calcium, etc. The soil particles of the structure cling together in nearly square or angular blocks. They are occasionally called black cotton soils as they are regarded as very good soils for growing cotton. This type of soil is rich in humus but has poor lime, potash, and phosphorus content. Types of Soils in India The All India Survey Committee, which was established in 1953 by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research ICAR , has divided soils of India into eight different types which are as follows: 1 Alluvial Soil: Alluvial soil is mostly found in the plains of Gujarat, Haryana, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand and more. It is the most fertile soil, and it supports any kind of crop in it.
Types of Soil in India: Classifications and Characteristics
Good irrigation and adequate fertilizers are essential for growing good crops in such soils. Desert soil is found mostly in areas of Rajasthan extending to Rann of Kutch, and also in some areas of Haryana and Punjab. Khadar : Khadar is a new kind of alluvium that forms when floods deposit fine silts on top of the soil. So when irrigation methods supply water, soil moisture is available for long-term plant development. Besides covering relevant news and current affairs, this web portal analyses different socio-political and religious issues from subaltern perspectives aiming to give voice to the oppressed and marginalised sections of the society. Further, it is deficient in nitrogen but contains phosphate in varying degrees. This soil is acidic with low humus and is found in Assam, Darjeeling, Kashmir, Uttaranchal, and Himachal Pradesh.
Soil percentage in India, Distribution and Classification Upsc
These soils can be improved by adding phosphatic and other fertilizers. This type of soil lack humus due to the absence of vegetative cover. Formation Crystalline igneous and metamorphic rocks in rain deficient areas of the eastern and southern part of the Deccan Plateau play a major role in the formation of red and yellow soils. Laterite soils are red in color. Soil is a very important material or we can say that it is the foundation of agriculture.
Types Of Soil In India: Formation And Types Of Soils In India
In some regions, they are used for rice and pineapple cultivation as these have acid tolerance. This type of soil is found in arid and semi-arid areas. Crops In areas having fertile forest soils, people grow Conclusion In conclusion, all major types of soils are found abundantly in India. Kankar calcareous concretions beds are present in some regions along the river terraces. Crops that grow in Forest and Mountain Soil Coffee, tea, rice, maize, potato, barley, tropical fruits, and various types of spices Arid and desert soils Arid and desert soils By sushmita balasubramani — Flickr: the vast expanse of the Thar desert, CC BY 2. Formation The soils in the arid and semi-arid regions become saline due to dry climate, high rate of evaporation, and poor drainage.
Next, examine the unmarked side of the hole and insert a knife or pen at approximately 1 cm intervals to identify narrower areas with more resistance. When wet, they are soft and sticky but when dried, they shrink and become hard like rocks. In the case of Bhanger, it is dark, clayey, lime nodules in older alluvium soil. Therefore, efforts for the storage of floodwater or the redirection of additional rains must be made. Each soil type has specific strengths and weaknesses for agricultural production. It is interesting to know that the Horizon see, or the third layer in soil formation, is actually the first stage of the formation of soil. Characteristics — It is sandy soil that comes with low clay content.
Still, the topsoil gets eroded under certain extreme climatic conditions like heavy rainfall or floods. The different kinds of soil depend on different areas of the country. Alluvial soil in India covers about 15 lakh sq. Map of geographical distribution of Soils of India 1. After the rain, lime and silica get washed away, and the soil left behind is rich in iron oxide and aluminum, ultimately forming Laterite soil.
Formation of soil is derived from rocks parent material , typically formed when rocks are exposed to the atmosphere during a physical and chemical decomposition process. It is seen under Arid and Semi-Arid conditions. Some arid fruits like pomegranate, ber, and pearl millet are also cultivated on these soils. What are the effects of salinization on irrigated land? The lower layer of this soil is reddish yellow or yellow. Relief, parent material, climate, vegetation, and other life forms all contribute to soil formation. Deposited mainly by wind activities. They are too red in color.
Types of Soil in India: Alluvial Soil, Classification, Soil Types
In addition, a special form, the lenticular platy structure, is recogniz for plates that are thickest in the middle and thinner towards the edges. Laterite soils are more acidic in higher areas and they cannot maintain moisture. Various criteria have been applied to classify Indian soils like Geology, relief, fertility, chemical composition and physical composition and so on. The new alluvium soil is known as Khadar and old alluvium is termed as Bangar. It is rich in iron, lime, calcium, potassium, aluminum and magnesium. Distribution —western Rajasthan, Rann of Kachchh, in patches in south Haryana and south Punjab.
