Turabian style, also known as Chicago style, is a citation style used widely in the field of humanities, particularly in history and economics. It is named after Kate L. Turabian, who wrote a manual for the University of Chicago Press that outlined the proper way to prepare research papers, theses, and dissertations. The Turabian style is similar to the Chicago style, but it has some important differences, particularly in terms of citation formatting.
One of the key features of Turabian style is the use of footnotes or endnotes for in-text citations, rather than the parenthetical citations used in other styles such as APA or MLA. In Turabian style, a superscript number is placed in the text to indicate a reference, and the corresponding citation is placed either at the bottom of the page (footnotes) or at the end of the document (endnotes). The citation includes the author's name, the title of the work, the publication information, and the page number(s) being referenced.
Turabian style also requires a bibliography at the end of the document, which lists all of the sources that were used in the research. The bibliography is arranged alphabetically by author's last name, and it includes all of the same information as the footnotes or endnotes, as well as any additional details that may be relevant.
In addition to the use of footnotes and endnotes, Turabian style has specific guidelines for formatting the text of the document. This includes the use of margins, font size and type, and headings. For example, the main body of the text should be double-spaced, and the font should be a serif typeface such as Times New Roman. Headings should be clearly formatted and hierarchical, with main headings being larger and bolded and subheadings being smaller and italicized.
Overall, Turabian style is a widely accepted and respected citation style in the humanities, and it is important for researchers and students in these fields to become familiar with its guidelines. Adhering to Turabian style helps to ensure that research papers, theses, and dissertations are properly formatted and that the sources used in the research are properly credited.